Izindaba

Ukuncibilika Kokungeniswa Kwe-Vacuum
Ukuthungwa kwe-vacuum (ukuncibilikisa i-vacuum induction - VIM) kwaklanyelwe ukucutshungulwa kwama-alloy akhethekile nangaphandle, futhi ngenxa yalokho kuba yinto evamile njengoba lezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe zisetshenziswa kakhulu. I-VIM yaklanyelwe ukuncibilikisa nokwenza ama-superalloy kanye nezinsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu, eziningi zazo ezidinga ukucutshungulwa kwe-vacuum ngoba ziqukethe izinto eziphikisayo nezisabelayo njenge-Ti, Nb kanye ne-Al. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ezinsimbini ezingagqwali kanye nezinye izinsimbi lapho kudingeka ukuncibilika kokuqala kwekhwalithi ephezulu.

Njengoba igama lisho, inqubo ihilela ukuncibilika kwensimbi ngaphansi kwezimo ze-vacuum. Ukufakwa kwe-electromagnetic kusetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla wokuncibilikisa insimbi. Ukuncibilika kwe-induction kusebenza ngokubangela imisinga kagesi ye-eddy ensimbini. Umthombo yi-induction coil, ephethe umsinga oshintshanayo. Imisinga ye-eddy iyashisa futhi ekugcineni incibilikise ishaja.

Isithando somlilo sakhiwe ngejakethi yensimbi engangeni moya, epholiswe ngamanzi ekwazi ukumelana ne-vacuum edingekayo ukuze icutshungulwe. Insimbi iyancibilikiswa esitsheni esifakwe kukhoyili yokungenisa epholiswe ngamanzi, futhi isithando somlilo sivame ukumbozwa ngezinto ezifanelekile zokungaguquki.

Izinsimbi kanye nama-alloy anamandla aphezulu kumagesi – ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen kanye ne-oxygen – avame ukuncibilikiswa/ukucwengwa ezithandweni zokungenisa i-vacuum ukuvimbela ukungcola/ukusabela ngala magesi. Ngakho-ke le nqubo ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula izinto ezihlanzekile kakhulu noma izinto ezinokubekezelelana okuqinile ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali.

Q: Kungani kusetshenziswa ukuncibilikisa i-vacuum induction?

A: Ukuncibilikisa i-vacuum induction ekuqaleni kwaklanyelwe ukucutshungulwa kwama-alloy akhethekile nangaphandle futhi ngenxa yalokho kuba yinto evamile njengoba lezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe zisetshenziswa kakhulu. Nakuba kwaklanyelwe izinto ezifana nama-superalloy, kungasetshenziswa futhi ezinsimbini ezingagqwali nezinye izinsimbi.
Kanjani i-isithando sokungenisa i-vacuumumsebenzi?
Izinto zishajwa esithandweni sokungenisa ngaphansi kwe-vacuum bese kusetshenziswa amandla ukuze kuncibilikiswe i-charge. Kwenziwa amanye amacala ukuze kulethwe ivolumu yensimbi ewuketshezi ezingeni elifunekayo lokuncibilika. Insimbi encibilikisiwe iyacwengwa ngaphansi kwe-vacuum bese i-chemistry ilungiswa kuze kube yilapho kufezwa i-chemistry enembile yokuncibilika.
Kwenzekani ngensimbi emshinini ongcolile?
Ikakhulukazi, izinsimbi eziningi zakha ungqimba lwe-oxide kunoma iyiphi indawo evezwe emoyeni. Lokhu kusebenza njengesivikelo sokuvimbela ukuhlangana. Esikhaleni esingenalutho sesikhala, akukho moya ngakho izinsimbi ngeke zakhe ungqimba oluvikelayo.

Izinzuzo Zokuncibilika kwe-VIM
Kuye ngomkhiqizo kanye nenqubo ye-metallurgical, amazinga e-vacuum ngesikhathi sesigaba sokucwenga aphakathi kuka-10-1 kuya ku-10-4 mbar. Ezinye zezinzuzo ze-metallurgical zokucubungula i-vacuum yilezi:
Ukuncibilika ngaphansi komoya ongenawo umoya-mpilo kunciphisa ukwakheka kwezinto ezifakiwe ze-oxide ezingezona ezensimbi futhi kuvimbela ukuminyana kwezinto ezisebenzayo
Ukufezwa kokubekezelelana okusondelene kakhulu kokwakheka kanye nokuqukethwe kwegesi
Ukususwa kwezinto ezingafuneki ezilandelanayo ezinengcindezi ephezulu yomhwamuko
Ukususwa kwamagesi ancibilikisiwe – umoya-mpilo, i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen
Ukulungiswa kokwakheka kwe-alloy okunembile nokulinganayo kanye nokushisa okuncibilikayo
Ukuncibilika ku-vacuum cleaner kuqeda isidingo sesembozo se-slag esivikelayo futhi kunciphisa amathuba okungcoliswa kwe-slag ngengozi noma ukufakwa kwayo ku-ingot.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imisebenzi ye-metallurgical efana ne-dephosphorization kanye ne-desulphurization inqunyelwe. I-VIM metallurgy ihloselwe kakhulu ukusabela okuncike ekucindezelweni, njengokusabela kwekhabhoni, i-oxygen, i-nitrogen kanye ne-hydrogen. Ukususwa kwezinto eziyingozi neziguquguqukayo, njenge-antimony, i-tellurium, i-selenium kanye ne-bismuth, ezitsheni zokungenisa i-vacuum kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuqapha ngqo ukusabela okuncike ekucindezelweni kwekhabhoni eningi ukuze kuqedwe i-deoxidation kuyisibonelo esisodwa nje sokuguquguquka kwenqubo kusetshenziswa inqubo ye-VIM ekukhiqizweni kwama-superalloy. Izinto ezingezona ama-superalloy ziyasuswa, zisuswe isibabule noma zihluzwe ngokukhetha ezitsheni zokungenisa i-vacuum ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemininingwane futhi kuqinisekiswe izakhiwo zezinto. Ngenxa yokucindezela okuphezulu komhwamuko wezinto eziningi ezingafuneki, zingancishiswa zibe amazinga aphansi kakhulu ngokuhluzwa ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kwe-vacuum induction, ikakhulukazi kuma-alloy anamandla aphezulu kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu okusebenza. Kuma-alloy ahlukahlukene okumele ahlangabezane nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu, i-vacuum induction furnace iyisistimu yokuncibilikisa efaneleke kakhulu.

Izindlela ezilandelayo zingahlanganiswa kalula nohlelo lwe-VIM ukuze kukhiqizwe ukuncibilika okuhlanzekile:
Ukulawulwa komoya ngamazinga aphansi okuvuza kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziqinile neziqinile zokuphikisa ulwelwesi oluqinile
Ukuxuba nokuhlanganisa ngegesi yokuxuba noma yokuhlanza kagesi
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa okuqondile ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabela okubangelwa ukuncibilika
Amasu afanele okususa ama-slag nokuhlunga ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha
Ukusetshenziswa kwendlela efanele yokuwasha kanye nendlela yokuhlanza ukuze kususwe i-oxide kangcono.