Izindaba

Ukuncibilika kweVacuum Induction
I-vacuum casting (i-vacuum induction melting - VIM) yathuthukiswa ukuze kucutshungulwe ama-alloys akhethekile nangaphandle, futhi ngenxa yalokho sekuyinsakavukela njengoba lezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe ziya zisetshenziswa. I-VIM yasungulwa ukuze incibilike futhi ikhiphe ama-superalloy nezinsimbi ezinamandla kakhulu, eziningi zazo ezidinga ukucutshungulwa kwe-vacuum ngoba ziqukethe izinto eziphikisayo nezisebenzayo njenge-Ti, Nb kanye ne-Al. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe izinsimbi ezingenasici nezinye izinsimbi uma kufunwa ukuncibilika kwekhwalithi ephezulu.

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, inqubo ihilela ukuncibilika kwensimbi ngaphansi kwezimo ze-vacuum. I-electromagnetic induction isetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla wokuncibilikisa insimbi. Ukuncibilika kwe-induction kusebenza ngokufaka imisinga kagesi eddy ensimbi. Umthombo ikhoyili yokungeniswa, ephethe i-alternating current. Ama-eddy currents ashisa futhi ekugcineni ancibilikise ukushaja.

Isithando somlilo siqukethe ibhantshi lensimbi elingangeni moya, elipholile ngamanzi elikwazi ukumelana ne-vacuum edingekayo ukuze icutshungulwe. Insimbi incibilika ku-crucible efakwe kukhoyili yokungeniswa kwamanzi epholile, futhi isithando somlilo ngokuvamile sifakwe ama-refractories afanelekile.

Izinsimbi nama-alloys ahlobene kakhulu namagesi - ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen nomoya-mpilo - avame ukuncibilika / acwengisiswe ezithandweni zokungeniswa kwe-vacuum ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa / ukusabela ngala magesi. Ngakho-ke inqubo ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukucutshungulwa kwezinto ezihlanzeke kakhulu noma izinto ezikwazi ukubekezelelana ngokuqinile ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali.

Q: Kungani kusetshenziswa i-vacuum induction melting?

A: Ukuncibilika kokufakwa kwevacuum ekuqaleni kwathuthukiswa ukuze kucutshungulwe ama-alloys akhethekile nangaphandle futhi ngenxa yalokho sekuyinsakavukela njengoba lezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe ziya zisetshenziswa. Ngenkathi yenzelwe izinto ezinjengama-superalloys, ingasetshenziselwa izinsimbi ezingenasici nezinye izinsimbi.
Kwenza kanjani ai-vacuum induction isithando somliloumsebenzi?
Okubalulekile kushajwa esithandweni sokungeniswa ngaphansi kwevacuum futhi amandla asetshenziswa ukuncibilikisa inkokhiso. Izindleko ezengeziwe zenziwa ukuletha umthamo wensimbi owuketshezi kumthamo ofunekayo wokuncibilika. Insimbi encibilikisiwe icwengwa ngaphansi kwe-vacuum futhi ikhemistri ilungiswa kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ikhemistri encibilikayo enembile.
Kwenzekani ngensimbi ku-vacuum?
Ikakhulukazi, izinsimbi eziningi zakha ungqimba lwe-oxide kunoma iyiphi indawo evezwe emoyeni. Lokhu kusebenza njengesihlangu sokuvimbela ukuhlangana. Ku-vacuum yesikhala, awukho umoya ukuze izinsimbi zingakwazi ukwakha ungqimba oluvikelayo.

Izinzuzo ze-VIM Melting
Ngokuya ngomkhiqizo kanye nenqubo ye-metallurgical, amazinga e-vacuum phakathi nesigaba sokucwenga asebangeni le-10-1 kuya ku-10-4 mbar. Ezinye zezinzuzo ze-metallurgical zokucubungula i-vacuum yilezi:
Ukuncibilika ngaphansi komkhathi ongenawo umoya-mpilo kukhawulela ukwakheka kokufakwa kwe-non-metallic oxide futhi kuvimbela i-oxidation yezinto ezisebenzayo
Impumelelo yokubekezelela okusondelene kakhulu kokuqamba kanye nokuqukethwe kwegesi
Ukususwa kwezinto ezingafuneki zokulandela ngomkhondo ezinomfutho womoya ophezulu
Ukususwa kwamagesi ancibilikisiwe - i-oxygen, i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen
Ukulungiswa kokwakheka kwe-alloy okunembile nokulinganayo kanye nezinga lokushisa elincibilikayo
Ukuncibilika ku-vacuum kuqeda isidingo sekhava ye-slag evikelayo futhi kunciphisa amandla okungcoliswa kwe-slag ngengozi noma ukufakwa ku-ingot
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imisebenzi ye-metallurgical efana ne-dephosphorization kanye ne-desulphurization inqunyelwe. I-VIM metallurgy ihloselwe ngokuyinhloko ekuphenduleni okuncike kwingcindezi, njengokusabela kwekhabhoni, umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen ne-hydrogen. Ukususwa kwezakhi zokulandelela eziyingozi, eziguquguqukayo, njenge-antimony, i-tellurium, i-selenium ne-bismuth, ezithandweni zokungeniswa kwe-vacuum kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuqapha okuqondile kokusabela okuncike kungcindezi kwekhabhoni eyeqile ukuze kuqedelwe i-deoxidation kuyisibonelo esisodwa nje sokuguquguquka kwenqubo kusetshenziswa inqubo ye-VIM yokukhiqiza ama-superalloy. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngaphandle kwama-superalloy zikhishwa i-carburized, desulfurized or selective distilled in vacuum induction furnaces ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokucaciswa nokuqinisekisa izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngenxa yomfutho ophezulu womhwamuko wezinto eziningi zokulandela umkhondo ezingafuneki, zingancishiswa ziye kumazinga aphansi kakhulu ngokukhishwa kwe-distillation ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kwe-vacuum induction, ikakhulukazi kuma-alloys anamandla aphezulu kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu okusebenza. Kuma-alloys ahlukahlukene okufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, isithando somlilo se-vacuum siwuhlelo olufaneleka kakhulu lokuncibilika.

Izindlela ezilandelayo zingahlanganiswa kalula nohlelo lwe-VIM ukukhiqiza ukuncibilika okuhlanzekile:
Ukulawulwa komkhathi ngokuvuza okuphansi kanye namazinga okuncipha
Ukukhethwa kwempahla ephikisayo eqine kakhudlwana yolwelwesi oluqinile
Ukushukumisa kanye ne-homogenization ngokunyakazisa kazibuthe noma igesi yokuhlanza
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabela kwe-crucible nge-melting
Izindlela ezifanelekile zokususa ama-slagging kanye nokuhlunga ngesikhathi sokusakazwa
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-launder efanelekile kanye nendlela ye-tundish yokususwa okungcono kwe-oxide.