Emikhakheni yezimboni nezobuchwepheshe yesimanje, izinsimbi eziyigugu zinenani eliphakeme kakhulu kanye nezicelo ezibanzi ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo eziyingqayizivele zomzimba nezamakhemikhali. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu zezinto zensimbi eziyigugu, kuvele imishini yokukhipha izinsimbi eziyigugu eqhubekayo e-vacuum ephezulu. Le mishini ethuthukisiwe isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-vacuum ephezulu ukuphonsa izinsimbi eziyigugu endaweni elawulwa ngokuqinile, ukuqinisekisa ubumsulwa, ukufana, kanye nokusebenza komkhiqizo. Lesi sihloko sizonikeza isingeniso esinemininingwane se-highimishini yokusakaza eqhubekayo yokushaqekangezinsimbi eziyigugu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo.
imishini yokusakaza eqhubekayo yokushaqeka
1、Isifinyezo Semishini Yokuphonsa Eqhubekayo Ephezulu Yezinsimbi Eziyigugu
Ukwakheka kwemishini
1. Uhlelo lwe-vacuum
Iphampu ye-vacuum ephezulu: Ngokuvamile inhlanganisela yephampu yomshini, iphampu yokusabalalisa, noma iphampu yama-molecule isetshenziselwa ukufeza indawo ye-vacuum ephezulu. Lawa maphampu anganciphisa ngokushesha ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwemishini ibe ngamazinga aphansi kakhulu, asuse ukuphazamiseka emoyeni nakwezinye izinto ezingcolile.
Ama-valve namapayipi e-vacuum: asetshenziselwa ukulawula izinga le-vacuum kanye nokugeleza kwegesi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kohlelo lwe-vacuum.
Igeyiji ye-vacuum: iqapha izinga le-vacuum ngaphakathi kwemishini futhi inikeza ulwazi olunembile lwesimo se-vacuum kubasebenzisi.
2. Uhlelo lokuncibilikisa
Idivayisi yokushisa: Kungaba ukushisa kokungenisa, ukushisa okumelana, noma ukushisa kwe-arc, futhi kungashisa izinsimbi eziyigugu zibe sesimweni esincibilikisiwe. Izindlela ezahlukene zokushisa zinezimpawu zazo kanye nokusebenza kwazo, futhi zingakhethwa ngokuya ngohlobo lwensimbi eyigugu kanye nezidingo zenqubo.
I-Crucible: Isetshenziselwa ukubamba ukuncibilika kwensimbi eyigugu, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngezinto ezingamelani namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokugqwala, njenge-graphite, i-ceramics, noma ama-alloy akhethekile.
Idivayisi yokuxuba: Ukuxuba okuncibilikile ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilikisa ukuqinisekisa ukufana kokwakheka kanye nokuqina kwezinga lokushisa.
3. Uhlelo lokuphonsa oluqhubekayo
I-Crystallizer: Iyingxenye ebalulekile enkambisweni yokubumba eqhubekayo, enquma ukuma nobukhulu be-ingot. Ama-crystallizer ngokuvamile enziwa ngethusi noma ezinye izinto ezinokushisa okuhle, futhi apholiswa ngaphakathi ngamanzi ukuze kusheshiswe ukuqina kwensimbi eyigugu encibilikayo.
Idivayisi yokwethula i-Ingot: Khipha i-ingot eqinile ku-crystallizer ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yokuphonsa eqhubekayo.
Idivayisi yokudonsa: ilawula isivinini sokudonsa kwe-ingot, okuthinta ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwe-ingot.
4. Uhlelo lokulawula
Uhlelo lokulawula ugesi: Ukulawulwa kukagesi kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zemishini, okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwamapharamitha afana namandla okushisa, ukusebenza kwephampu ye-vacuum, kanye nesivinini sokudonsa i-billet.
Uhlelo lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo: Lungafeza ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kwemishini, luthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokuzinza kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngezinhlelo ezisethiwe, uhlelo lokulawula lungaqedela ngokuzenzakalelayo izinqubo ezifana nokuncibilikisa kanye nokuphonswa okuqhubekayo, futhi luqaphe futhi lulungise amapharamitha ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sangempela.
2、Incazelo eyinhloko yesakhiwo
1. Umzimba wesithando somlilo: Umzimba wesithando usebenzisa isakhiwo esipholile ngamanzi esinezingqimba ezimbili. Isembozo sesithando singavulwa ukuze kube lula ukufaka izitsha ezincibilikayo, izitsha ezincibilikayo, nezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ingxenye engenhla yesithando somlilo ifakwe ifasitela lokubuka, elingabona isimo sezinto ezincibilikisiwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilikisa. I-flange ye-electrode yokungenisa kanye ne-flange yepayipi le-vacuum zihlelwe ngokulinganayo ezindaweni ezahlukene zokuphakama phakathi komzimba wesithando somlilo ukuze kungeniswe i-induction electrode joint bese ixhuma nedivayisi ye-vacuum. Ipuleti elingezansi lesithando somlilo lifakwe uhlaka lokusekela oluncibilikayo, olusebenza futhi njengenqwaba eqinile yokulungisa ngokunembile indawo yesithando somlilo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imbobo ephakathi yesithando somlilo igxile emseleni ovaliwe epuletini elingezansi lesithando somlilo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, induku yokuqondisa isithando somlilo ngeke ikwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo ngomsele ovaliwe. Kunezindandatho ezintathu ezipholiswe ngamanzi ohlakeni lokusekela, ezihambisana nezingxenye eziphezulu, eziphakathi, nezingezansi zesithando somlilo ... Kunezimbobo ezine ze-thermocouple ohlakeni lokusekela, ezisetshenziselwa ukukala izinga lokushisa lezingxenye eziphezulu, eziphakathi, nezingezansi ze-crucible kanye ne-crystallizer, ngokulandelana. Indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-thermocouple kanye nengaphandle kwesithando somlilo itholakala phansi kwesithando somlilo. Isitsha sokukhipha singabekwa phansi kohlaka lokusekela ukuvimbela izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika ukuthi lingagelezi ngqo kusuka kumshini wokuhlanza futhi kubangele umonakalo emzimbeni wesithando somlilo. Kukhona futhi igumbi elincane le-vacuum elingasuswa phakathi nendawo yesithando somlilo. Ngaphansi kwegumbi le-vacuum eliqinile kukhona igumbi lengilazi elingokwemvelo, lapho ama-antioxidants angangezwa khona ukuthuthukisa ukuvalwa kwe-vacuum kwezintambo. Lokhu kwaziswa kungafeza umphumela we-antioxidant ebusweni bezinduku zethusi ngokungeza ama-antioxidant emgodini wengilazi elingokwemvelo.
2. Isikhuni Esivuthayo kanye Nesikristali:Isitsha esigoqekayo kanye nesithambisi sekristali zenziwe nge-graphite emsulwa kakhulu. Iphansi lesithambisi liyindilinga futhi lixhunywe ku-crystallizer ngemicu.
3. Uhlelo lwe-vacuum
4. Indlela yokudweba nokugoqa:Ukuphonswa okuqhubekayo kwemigoqo yethusi kuqukethe amasondo okuqondisa, izinduku zensimbi eziqondile, iziqondiso eziqondile, kanye nezindlela zokugoqa. Isondo lokuqondisa lidlala indima yokuqondisa nokubeka, futhi lapho induku yethusi ikhishwa esithandweni, iqala idlule esondweni lokuqondisa. Induku yokuqondisa yekristalu inamathele esikulufini esiqondile kanye nedivayisi yokuqondisa eqondile. Okokuqala, induku yethusi ikhishwa (ngaphambi kokudonswa) emzimbeni wesithando ngokunyakaza okuqondile kwenduku yokuqondisa yekristalu. Lapho induku yethusi idlula esondweni lokuqondisa futhi inobude obuthile, inganqamula ukuxhumana nenduku yokuqondisa yekristalu. Bese uyilungisa emshinini wokugoqa bese uqhubeka nokudonsa induku yethusi ngokujikeleza komshini wokugoqa. I-servo motor ilawula ukunyakaza okuqondile nokujikeleza komshini wokugoqa, okungalawula ngokunembile ijubane lokuphonswa okuqhubekayo kwenduku yethusi.
5. Ukunikezwa kwamandla e-ultrasonic ohlelweni lwamandla kusebenzisa i-German IGBT, enomsindo ophansi kanye nokonga amandla. Umthombo usebenzisa amathuluzi okulawula izinga lokushisa ekufudumaleni okuhleliwe. Umklamo wohlelo lukagesi
Kukhona i-overcurrent, i-overvoltage feedback, kanye ne-protection circuits.
6. Uhlelo lokulawula:Lo mshini usebenzisa uhlelo lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo olusebenzisa isikrini sokuthinta, olunamadivayisi amaningi okuqapha, ukulawula ngokunembile izinga lokushisa lesithando kanye ne-crystallizer, kufezwe izimo ezizinzile zesikhathi eside ezidingekayo ekubunjweni okuqhubekayo kwenduku yethusi; Izindlela eziningi zokuvikela zingathathwa ngemishini yokuqapha, njengokuvuza kwezinto okubangelwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesithando, i-vacuum enganele, ingcindezi noma ukushoda kwamanzi. Idivayisi kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi imingcele eyinhloko isethwe kahle.
Kukhona izinga lokushisa lesithando, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, eliphakathi, neliphansi le-crystallizer, ijubane lokudonsa ngaphambi kokudonsa, kanye nesivinini sokudonsa ukukhula kwekristalu.
Futhi amanani ahlukahlukene e-alamu. Ngemva kokusetha amapharamitha ahlukahlukene, enqubweni yokukhiqiza induku yethusi eqhubekayo, inqobo nje uma kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha.
Beka induku yokuqondisa i-crystallization, beka izinto zokusetshenziswa, vala umnyango wesithando, nquma ukuxhumana phakathi kwenduku yethusi nenduku yokuqondisa i-crystallization, bese uyixhuma emshinini wokugoqa.
3、Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokusakaza eqhubekayo ye-vacuum ephezulu yezinsimbi eziyigugu
(I-1965)1）Khiqiza izingcezu zensimbi eziyigugu ezisezingeni eliphezulu
1. Ubumsulwa obuphezulu
Ukuncibilikisa nokuphonswa okuqhubekayo endaweni ene-vacuum ephezulu kungagwema ngempumelelo ukungcoliswa umoya nokunye ukungcola, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqize izingcezu zensimbi eziyigugu ezihlanzekile kakhulu. Lokhu kubalulekile ezimbonini ezifana ne-elekthronikhi, izindiza, kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo okudinga ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kakhulu kwezinto zensimbi eziyigugu.
Isibonelo, embonini yama-elekthronikhi, izinsimbi eziyigugu ezihlanzekile kakhulu njengegolide nesiliva zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amasekethe ahlanganisiwe, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, njll. Ukuba khona kokungcola kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwazo kanye nokuthembeka kwazo.
2. Ukufana
Idivayisi yokuxuba kanye nohlelo lokuphonsa oluqhubekayo emishinini kungaqinisekisa ukufana kokwakheka kokuncibilika kwensimbi eyigugu ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqina, kugwenywe amaphutha afana nokuhlukaniswa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukufana okuphezulu kwezakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, njengokukhiqiza amathuluzi ngokunemba kanye nokucubungula ubucwebe.
Isibonelo, ekucubungulweni kobucwebe, izinto zensimbi eziyigugu ezifanayo zingaqinisekisa umbala kanye nokuthungwa okufanayo kobucwebe, kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi kanye nenani lomkhiqizo.
3. Ikhwalithi ephezulu
Ubuso bezingoti ezikhiqizwa imishini yokuphotha eqhubekayo ye-vacuum ephezulu bubushelelezi, abunazo izimbobo noma izinto ezifakiwe, futhi bunekhwalithi enhle yobuso. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa umthwalo wokusebenza kokucubungula okulandelayo, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwekhwalithi kanye nokuncintisana emakethe komkhiqizo.
Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni okusezingeni eliphezulu, izinto zensimbi eziyigugu ezinekhwalithi ephezulu zingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezinembile, imihlobiso, njll., ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziphakeme zamakhasimende zokubukeka nokusebenza komkhiqizo.
(I-1965)2）Ukuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha zensimbi eyigugu
1. Lawula ngokunembile ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo
Imishini yokusakaza eqhubekayo ye-vacuum ephezulu yezinsimbi eziyigugu ingalawula ngokunembile ukwakheka kanye nokushisa kokuncibilika kwensimbi eyigugu, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele ukulawula okunembile ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo se-ingot. Lokhu kunikeza indlela enamandla yokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha zensimbi eziyigugu.
Isibonelo, ngokungeza izinto ezithile zokuhlanganisa ezinsimbini eziyigugu, izakhiwo zazo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zingashintshwa, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekile njengamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, kanye nokuqhuba okuphezulu komoya.
2. Lingisa inqubo yokuphonsa ezindaweni ezikhethekile
Imishini ingalingisa izindawo ezikhethekile ezifana nokucindezela okuhlukene, amazinga okushisa, kanye nemimoya ukuze kufundwe ukuziphatha kokubumba kanye nezinguquko zokusebenza kwezinsimbi eziyigugu kulezi zindawo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni izinto zensimbi eziyigugu ezingazivumelanisa nezimo zokusebenza ezikhethekile.
Isibonelo, embonini yezindiza, izinto zensimbi eziyigugu kudingeka zisebenze ezindaweni ezinzima njengokushisa okuphezulu, umfutho ophezulu, kanye nemisebe ephezulu. Ngokulingisa lezi zindawo zokuhlola, izinto ezintsha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zingathuthukiswa ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zemboni yezindiza.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-03-2024
