Izindaba

Ezindaweni zanamuhla zezimboni nezobuchwepheshe, izinsimbi eziyigugu zinenani eliphakeme kakhulu futhi zisebenza ngokubanzi ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile zomzimba namakhemikhali. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu zezinto zensimbi eziyigugu, kuye kwavela imishini yokukhipha ivacuum eqhubekayo yezinsimbi eziyigugu. Le mishini ethuthukisiwe isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu be-vacuum ukuphonsa izinsimbi eziyigugu endaweni elawulwa ngokuqinile, iqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka, ukufana, nokusebenza komkhiqizo. Lesi sihloko sizonikeza isingeniso enemininingwane phezuluvacuum okuqhubekayo kokusakazwa kwemishiningezinsimbi eziyigugu kanye nokusebenza kwayo.

vacuum okuqhubekayo kokusakazwa kwemishini

1,Uhlolojikelele lwesisetshenziswa sokusakazwa se-Vacuum Esiqhubekayo Sezinsimbi Eziyigugu

Ukwakhiwa kwezisetshenziswa

1. Uhlelo lwe-vacuum

Iphampu ye-vacuum ephezulu: Imvamisa inhlanganisela yepompo yemishini, iphampu yokusabalalisa, noma iphampu yamangqamuzana isetshenziswa ukuze kuzuzwe indawo yokungena ephezulu. Lawa maphampu anganciphisa ngokushesha ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwemishini kuya emazingeni aphansi kakhulu, aqede ukuphazamiseka emoyeni nokunye ukungcola.

Ama-vacuum valves namapayipi: asetshenziselwa ukulawula izinga le-vacuum nokugeleza kwegesi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesistimu ye-vacuum.

I-vacuum gauge: iqapha izinga le-vacuum ngaphakathi kwesisetshenziswa futhi inikeza ulwazi olunembile lwesimo se-vacuum ku-opharetha.

2. Uhlelo lokuncibilikisa

Idivayisi yokushisisa: Kungaba ukufudumeza kwe-induction, ukushisisa ukumelana, noma ukufudumeza kwe-arc, futhi kungafudumeza izinsimbi eziyigugu zibe yisimo esincibilikisiwe. Izindlela zokushisa ezihlukene zinezici zazo kanye nokusebenza kwazo, futhi zingakhethwa ngokusho kohlobo lwensimbi eyigugu kanye nezidingo zenqubo.

I-Crucible: Isetshenziselwa ukubamba ukuncibilika kwensimbi eyigugu, ngokuvamile okwenziwe ngezinto ezimelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokugqwala, njengegraphite, izitsha zobumba, noma ama-alloys akhethekile.

Idivayisi eshukumisayo: Ukugqugquzela ukuncibilika phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilika ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana kokwakheka nokuvumelana kwezinga lokushisa.

3. Isistimu yokusakaza eqhubekayo

I-Crystallizer: Iyingxenye eyinhloko enqubweni yokusakaza eqhubekayo, enquma ukuma nosayizi we-ingot. Ama-crystallizers ngokuvamile enziwe ngethusi noma ezinye izinto ezine-conductivity enhle yokushisa, futhi zipholile ngaphakathi ngamanzi ukuze kusheshiswe ukuqina kokuncibilika kwensimbi eyigugu.

Idivayisi yesingeniso ye-ingot: Khipha ingot eqinisiwe ku-crystallizer ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yokusakaza eqhubekayo.

Idivayisi edonsayo: ilawula isivinini sokudonsa se-ingot, ithinta ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwe-ingot.

4. Uhlelo lokulawula

Uhlelo lokulawula ugesi: Ukulawula ngogesi izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezinto zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwemingcele efana namandla okushisa, ukusebenza kwepompo ye-vacuum, nesivinini sokudonsa i-billet.

Uhlelo lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo: Ingakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kwemishini, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokuzinza kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngezinhlelo ezisethiwe, isistimu yokulawula ingaqedela ngokuzenzakalelayo izinqubo ezifana nokuncibilika nokusakazwa okuqhubekayo, futhi igade futhi ilungise amapharamitha ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sangempela.

2,Incazelo yesakhiwo esiyinhloko

1. Umzimba wesithando somlilo: Umzimba wesithando somlilo wamukela isakhiwo sokupholisa amanzi esinezingqimba ezimbili eziqondile. Isembozo sesithando somlilo singavulwa ukuze kufakwe kalula ama-crucibles, amakristalu, nezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ingxenye engenhla yesembozo sesithando somlilo ifakwe iwindi lokubuka, elingakwazi ukubona isimo sezinto ezincibilikisiwe ngesikhathi sokuncibilika. I-electrode yokungeniswa nge-electrode flange kanye ne-vacuum pipeline flange ahlelwe ngokulinganayo ezindaweni ezihlukene zokuphakama phakathi nomzimba wesithando somlilo ukuze ethule ijoyinti ye-electrode yokungeniswa futhi ayixhume nedivayisi ye-vacuum. Ipuleti elingaphansi kwesithando somlilo lifakwe uhlaka losekelo lwe-crucible, eliphinde lisebenze njengenqwaba engashintshi yokulungisa kahle indawo yecrystallizer, iqinisekisa ukuthi imbobo emaphakathi yecrystallizer igxile kusiteshi esivalekile epuleti elingaphansi kwesithando somlilo. Uma kungenjalo, induku yomhlahlandlela we-crystallization ngeke ikwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwe-crystallizer ngesiteshi esivaliwe. Kunamasongo amathathu apholise amanzi kuhlaka lokusekela, ahambisana nezingxenye ezingaphezulu, ezimaphakathi, nezingezansi zekristalu. Ngokulawula izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi okupholisa, izinga lokushisa lengxenye ngayinye ye-crystallizer lingalawulwa ngokunembile. Kunama-thermocouples amane kuhlaka lokusekela, asetshenziselwa ukukala izinga lokushisa lezingxenye ezingenhla, ezimaphakathi, neziphansi ze-crucible ne-crystallizer, ngokulandelana. I-interface phakathi kwe-thermocouple nangaphandle kwesithando somlilo itholakala esithandweni somlilo. Isitsha sokukhipha amanzi singabekwa ngaphansi kohlaka lokusekela ukuvimbela izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika ukuthi ligeleze ngokuqondile lisuka kumshini wokuhlanza futhi libangele umonakalo emzimbeni wesithando somlilo. Kukhona futhi negumbi elincane elingenawoyela elingalahleka phakathi nendawo yesithando somlilo. Ngezansi kwegumbi le-vacuum elimahhadla kunegumbi lengilazi eliphilayo, lapho kungangezwa khona ama-antioxidants ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvaleka kwe-vacuum kwe-filaments. Le nto ingafinyelela umphumela we-antioxidant ebusweni bezinti zethusi ngokungeza ama-antioxidants emgodini wengilazi we-organic.

2. I-Crucible ne-Crystallizer:I-crucible ne-crystallizer yenziwe nge-graphite ephezulu. Iphansi le-crucible liyi-conical futhi lixhunywe ku-crystallizer ngokusebenzisa imicu.

3. Uhlelo lwe-vacuum

4. Indlela yokudweba neyokusonga:Ukusakazwa okuqhubekayo kwamabha ethusi kuhlanganisa amasondo omhlahlandlela, izinti zezintambo ezinembayo, imihlahlandlela ewumugqa, nezindlela zokusonta. Isondo eliqondisayo lidlala indima yokuqondisa nokubeka indawo, futhi lapho induku yethusi ikhishwa esithandweni, iqala ngokudlula esondweni eliqondisayo. I-crystal guide rod igxilile kusikulufa sokunemba kanye nedivayisi yomhlahlandlela womugqa. Okokuqala, induku yethusi ikhishwa (ikhishwe ngaphambili) emzimbeni wesithando somlilo ngokunyakaza okulandelanayo kwenduku yomhlahlandlela wecrystallization. Lapho induku yethusi idlula esondweni eliqondisayo futhi inobude obuthile, inganqamula ukuxhumana ne-crystal guide rod. Bese uyilungisa emshinini wokuvala futhi uqhubeke nokudonsa induku yethusi ngokujikeleza komshini wokuvala. I-servo motor ilawula ukunyakaza okuqondile nokujikeleza komshini osongayo, ongalawula ngokunembile isivinini esiqhubekayo sokuphonsa senduku yethusi.

5. I-ultrasonic power supply yesistimu yamandla isebenzisa i-IGBT yesiJalimane, enomsindo ophansi nokonga amandla. Umthombo usebenzisa amathuluzi okulawula izinga lokushisa ukufudumeza okuhleliwe. Idizayini yesistimu kagesi

Kukhona i-overcurrent, impendulo ye-overvoltage, namasekhethi okuvikela.

6. Uhlelo lokulawula:Le mishini yamukela isikrini sokuthinta ngokugcwele uhlelo lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, olunamadivayisi amaningi okuqapha, ukulawula ngokunembile izinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo kanye ne-crystallizer, ukufeza izimo ezinzile zesikhathi eside ezidingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe induku yethusi ngokuqhubekayo; Izinyathelo eziningi zokuvikela zingathathwa ngokusebenzisa okokusebenza kokuqapha, njengokuvuza kwempahla okubangelwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesithando somlilo, i-vacuum enganele, ingcindezi noma ukushoda kwamanzi. Idivayisi kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi imingcele eyinhloko isethwe kahle.

Kukhona izinga lokushisa lomlilo, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, eliphakathi, neliphansi le-crystallizer, isivinini sangaphambi kokudonsa, kanye nesivinini sokudonsa sekristalu.

Namanani e-alamu ahlukahlukene. Ngemva kokubeka imingcele ehlukahlukene, ekukhiqizeni induku yethusi ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo, inqobo nje uma ukuphepha kuqinisekiswa.

Beka induku yomhlahlandlela we-crystallization, beka izinto zokusetshenziswa, vala umnyango wesithando somlilo, unqamule ukuxhumana phakathi kwenduku yethusi kanye nenduku yomhlahlandlela we-crystallization, bese uyixhuma emshinini wokuvala.

3,Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokukhipha ivacuum ephezulu eqhubekayo yezinsimbi eziyigugu

(1）Khiqiza ama-ingots ensimbi ayigugu aphezulu

1.Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu

Ukuncibilika nokusakazwa okuqhubekayo endaweni ye-vacuum ephezulu kungagwema ngempumelelo ukungcoliswa komoya nokunye ukungcola, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqize izinsimbi zensimbi eziyigugu ezihlanzeke kakhulu. Lokhu kubalulekile ezimbonini ezifana ne-electronics, i-aerospace, nokunakekelwa kwezempilo okudinga ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kakhulu kwezinto zensimbi eziyigugu.

Isibonelo, embonini ye-elekthronikhi, izinsimbi eziyigugu ezihlanzekile kakhulu njengegolide nesiliva zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amasekethe ahlanganisiwe, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, njll. Ukuba khona kokungcola kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwazo.

2.Ukufana

Idivayisi eshukumisayo kanye nesistimu yokuphonsa eqhubekayo kumishini ingaqinisekisa ukufana kokwakheka kwensimbi eyigugu encibilika ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisa, ukugwema amaphutha njengokuhlukaniswa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukufana okuphezulu kwezinto ezibonakalayo, njengokwenziwa kwensimbi enembayo nokucubungula ubucwebe.

Isibonelo, ekucubunguleni ubucwebe, izinto ezifanayo zensimbi eziyigugu zingaqinisekisa umbala ongaguquki nokuthungwa kobucwebe, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nenani.

3.Ikhwalithi enhle yendawo

Ingaphezulu lama-ingots akhiqizwa imishini yokuphonsa eqhubekayo ye-vacuum ephakeme ibushelelezi, ngaphandle kwama-pores noma inclusions, futhi inekhwalithi enhle yendawo. Lokhu akukwazi ukunciphisa kuphela umsebenzi wokucutshungulwa okulandelayo, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokubukeka kanye nokuncintisana kwemakethe yomkhiqizo.

Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni okusezingeni eliphezulu, izinto zensimbi eziyigugu ezinekhwalithi enhle engaphezulu zingasetshenziswa ukwenza izingxenye ezinembayo, imihlobiso, njll., ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko eziphezulu zamakhasimende zokubukeka nokusebenza komkhiqizo.

(2）Ukuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha zensimbi eziyigugu

1.Lawula ngokunembile ukwakheka nesakhiwo

Imishini yokukhipha ivacuum ephakeme eqhubekayo yezinsimbi eziyigugu ingalawula ngokunembile ukwakheka kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kwensimbi eyigugu, ngaleyo ndlela izuze ukulawula okunembile phezu kokwakheka nokwakheka kwengot. Lokhu kunikeza izindlela ezinamandla zokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha zensimbi eziyigugu.

Isibonelo, ngokungeza izakhi ezithile ze-alloying ezinsimbi eziyigugu, izakhiwo zazo ezingokwenyama namakhemikhali zingashintshwa, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezintsha ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekile ezifana namandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, kanye ne-conductivity ephezulu.

2.Lingisa inqubo yokulingisa ezindaweni ezikhethekile

Izinto zokusebenza zingalingisa izindawo ezikhethekile ezifana nezingcindezi ezihlukene, amazinga okushisa, nomkhathi ukuze kufundwe ukuziphatha kokulingisa kanye nezinguquko zokusebenza kwezinsimbi eziyigugu kulezi zindawo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinto zensimbi eziyigugu ezingavumelana nezimo ezikhethekile zokusebenza.

Isibonelo, embonini ye-aerospace, izinto zensimbi eziyigugu zidinga ukusebenza ezindaweni ezinzima ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukucindezela okukhulu, nemisebe ephezulu. Ngokulingisa lezi zindawo zokuhlola ukuhlola, izinto ezintsha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zingathuthukiswa ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zomkhakha we-aerospace.

Ungaxhumana nathi ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

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