Embonini yensimbi eyigugu, umshini wokuphonsa igolide nesiliva udlala indima ebalulekile njengemishini ebalulekile. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komnotho womhlaba kanye nokushintshashintsha okuqhubekayo emakethe yensimbi eyigugu, isidingo semishini yokuphonsa igolide nesiliva sishintsha njalo. Lesi sihloko sizogxila esidingweni samanje seimishini yokukhipha i-ingot yegolide nesilivaembonini yensimbi eyigugu, okuhlanganisa isizinda semakethe, izici ezibangela isidingo, izidingo zobuchwepheshe, kanye nezitayela zentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo.
imishini yokukhipha i-ingot yegolide nesiliva
1、 Isizinda semakethe yemboni yensimbi eyigugu
(I-1965)1）Usayizi Wemakethe kanye Nemikhuba Yezinsimbi Eziyigugu
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imakethe yensimbi eyigugu igcine izinga eliphezulu lomsebenzi. Njengempahla yendabuko ephephile kanye nezinto ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwezimboni, isidingo segolide nesiliva sithonywa yizici ezahlukahlukene ezifana nezimo zomnotho womhlaba wonke, izingozi zezwe, kanye nezinqubomgomo zezimali. Njengoba kungaqiniseki okwandayo emnothweni womhlaba wonke, isidingo sokutshalwa kwezimali sensimbi eyigugu siyaqhubeka nokukhula, kuyilapho isidingo sensimbi eyigugu emkhakheni wezimboni naso sikhula kancane kancane.
(I-1965)2）Iphethini yokuncintisana embonini
Ukuncintisana embonini yensimbi eyigugu kukhulu, kuhilela izixhumanisi eziningi ezifana nokumba, ukuncibilikisa nokucubungula, kanye nokusakazwa kokuhweba. Kulesi simo sokuncintisana, amabhizinisi adinga ukuthuthukisa njalo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ukuze athuthukise ukuncintisana kwawo. Njengemishini ebalulekile enkambisweni yokukhiqiza, ukusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yomshini wokuphonsa igolide nesiliva kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo webhizinisi.
2、 Izici ezibangela isidingo semishini yokukhipha igolide nesiliva
(I-1965)1）Ukukhula kwesidingo sokutshalwa kwezimali
Njengoba isidingo sokulondolozwa kwengcebo nokwanda kwayo sikhula, isidingo sokutshalwa kwezimali kwezinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide nesiliva siyaqhubeka nokukhula. Isidingo sezinsimbi eziyigugu ezivela kubatshalizimali naso sikhula njalo, okuholela ekudingweni kwemakethe kwemishini yokukhipha izinsimbi eziyigugu zegolide nesiliva. Umshini wokukhipha izinsimbi ungakhiqiza izinsimbi eziyigugu ezijwayelekile nezisezingeni eliphezulu, uhlangabezane nesidingo sabatshali bezinsimbi eziyigugu ezibonakalayo.
(I-1965)2）Ukwandiswa kwezicelo zezimboni
Izinsimbi eziyigugu zinezinhlobo eziningi zezicelo emikhakheni yezimboni efana ne-elekthronikhi, amakhemikhali, kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, izidingo zokusebenza kwezinsimbi eziyigugu nazo ziyanda njalo. Isibonelo, embonini ye-elekthronikhi, ama-ingot egolide nesiliva anembile kakhulu angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izingxenye zemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi esezingeni eliphezulu. Ukwanda kwezicelo zezimboni kukhulise isidingo sama-ingot egolide nesiliva asezingeni eliphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuqhubekisele phambili isidingo semakethe semishini yokukhipha ama-ingot egolide nesiliva.
(I-1965)3）Isidingo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza
Embonini yensimbi eyigugu, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuncintisana kwenkampani. Umshini wokukhipha i-ingot yegolide nesiliva ungafeza ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo nokusebenza kahle, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuncintisana emakethe, amabhizinisi anesidingo esikhulayo semishini yokukhipha i-ingot yegolide nesiliva esebenza kahle.
(I-1965)4）Izidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo ziphakanyisiwe
Njengoba kuqhubeka nokuthuthuka kokuqwashisa ngemvelo emhlabeni jikelele, imboni yensimbi eyigugu nayo ibhekene nezidingo eziqinile zezemvelo. Umshini wokuphonsa igolide nesiliva udinga ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zezemvelo futhi unciphise ukukhishwa kokungcola ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza. Imishini yokuphonsa igolide nesiliva enobungani nemvelo ingasiza amabhizinisi ukufeza intuthuko esimeme futhi ahlangabezane nesidingo semakethe semikhiqizo enobungani nemvelo.
3、 Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zomshini wokukhipha igolide nesiliva we-ingot
(I-1965)1）Ukusatshalaliswa okunembile okuphezulu
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo semakethe sama-ingot ensimbi ayigugu asezingeni eliphezulu, imishini yokusika ama-ingot egolide nesiliva kudingeka ibe namakhono okusika ngokunemba okuphezulu. Iyakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-ingot anobukhulu obuqondile, izindawo ezibushelelezi, kanye nesisindo esifanayo, okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuzinza.
(I-1965)2）Izinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela
Ukuzenzakalela kuyindlela yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni zanamuhla, futhi imishini yokukhipha i-ingot yegolide nesiliva ayihlukile. Umshini wokukhipha i-ingot ozenzakalelayo kakhulu unganciphisa ukusebenza ngesandla, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, futhi wehlise izindleko zokukhiqiza. Okwamanje, ukuzenzakalela kungathuthukisa nokuzinza nokuthembeka kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, kunciphise umthelela wezinto ezisetshenziswa ngabantu ekhwalithini yomkhiqizo.
(I-1965)3）Ukongiwa kwamandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo
Ngenxa yezidingo zemvelo eziqinile, imishini yokusika igolide nesiliva idinga ukuba nezici zokonga amandla nezinobungani nemvelo. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokonga amandla ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nciphisa ukukhishwa kokungcola futhi uhlangabezane nezindinganiso zemvelo.
(I-1965)4）Kuphephile futhi kuthembekile
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ama-ingot ensimbi ayigugu ihilela izinto eziyingozi njengokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomfutho ophezulu, ngakho-ke umshini wokuphonsa ama-ingot egolide nesiliva udinga ukusebenza ngokuphephile nangokuthembekile. Imishini kufanele ibe namadivayisi okuvikela ukuphepha aphelele ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi. Okwamanje, ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwemishini nakho kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa intuthuko ebushelelezi yenqubo yokukhiqiza.
5、Isimo Samanje Semakethe Yomshini Wokuphonsa I-Ingot Yegolide Nesiliva
(I-1965)1）Isimo sokutholakala kwemakethe
Njengamanje, kunezinkampani eziningi zasekhaya nezakwamanye amazwe ezikhiqiza imishini yokusika igolide nesiliva, futhi ukutholakala kwemakethe kwanele. Kunomehluko othile ekusebenzeni, ikhwalithi, intengo, nezinye izici phakathi kwemikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi abahlukene. Amabhizinisi angakhetha imikhiqizo efanelekile ngokwezidingo zawo.
(I-1965)2）Izici zesidingo semakethe
Njengamanje, isidingo semakethe se-imishini yokukhipha i-ingot yegolide nesilivaIgxile kakhulu ekuqondeni okuphezulu, izinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela, ukulondolozwa kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuphepha kanye nokuthembeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuqina komncintiswano wemakethe, amabhizinisi abeke phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokusebenzisa kahle imishini.
(I-1965)3）Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe embonini yensimbi eyigugu, imakethe yemishini yokusika igolide nesiliva nayo ibonise izitayela ezithile zokuthuthukiswa. Isibonelo, izinga lobuhlakani lamadivayisi lizoqhubeka nokuthuthuka, okuvumela ukuqapha okude, ukuxilongwa kwamaphutha, kanye neminye imisebenzi; Isidingo semishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso sizokhula ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezikhethekile zamabhizinisi ahlukene; Imishini enobungani nemvelo izoba umkhiqizo oyinhloko emakethe.
6、Amathemba Entuthuko Yesikhathi Esizayo
(I-1965)1）Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kuqhuba intuthuko yemakethe
Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bemishini yokusika i-ingot yegolide nesiliva buzoqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa izinto ezithuthukisiwe nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemishini kanye nokuphila kwayo; Thuthukisa izinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile ukuze kufezwe ukulawula ukukhiqiza okunembile; Thuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokonga amandla kanye nokuvikela imvelo ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kokungcola. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kuzoqhuba intuthuko eqhubekayo yemakethe yemishini yokusika i-ingot yegolide nesiliva, kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo semakethe semishini esezingeni eliphezulu, esebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi enobungani nemvelo.
(I-1965)2）Isidingo semakethe siyaqhubeka nokukhula
Ngokuthuthuka komnotho womhlaba kanye nokushintshashintsha okuqhubekayo emakethe yensimbi eyigugu, isidingo semakethe semishini yokusika igolide nesiliva sizoqhubeka nokukhula. Ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesidingo sokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokwandiswa kwezicelo zezimboni, isidingo semakethe semishini yokusika insimbi eyigugu esezingeni eliphezulu sizoqhubeka nokukhula, ngaleyo ndlela siqhubekisele phambili isidingo semakethe semishini yokusika igolide nesiliva.
(I-1965)3）Ukuncintisana kwemboni kuyaqina
Ngokukhula kwesidingo semakethe, ukuncintisana embonini yemishini yokusika igolide nesiliva kuzokhula. Amabhizinisi adinga ukuthuthukisa njalo ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, izinga lobuchwepheshe, kanye nezinga lesevisi ukuze athuthukise ukuncintisana kwawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwemboni kuzoshesha, futhi amanye amabhizinisi amancane nasasele emuva kwezobuchwepheshe azosuswa, okwandisa ukuhlushwa kwemakethe.
7、Isiphetho
Njengamanje, kunesidingo esibalulekile semishini yokukhipha igolide nesiliva embonini yensimbi eyigugu. Izici ezinjengokwandisa isidingo sokutshalwa kwezimali, ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kanye nokwanda kwezidingo zemvelo kuye kwaqhuba ngokubambisana isidingo semakethe yemishini yokukhipha igolide nesiliva. Ngokuphathelene nezidingo zobuchwepheshe, ukuphonsa ngokunemba okuphezulu, izinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela, ukulondolozwa kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuphepha nokuthembeka yizidingo eziyinhloko zemakethe yemishini yokukhipha igolide nesiliva. Njengamanje, ukunikezwa kwemakethe kwemishini yokukhipha igolide nesiliva kwanele, futhi izici zesidingo semakethe zisobala, ngamathuba abanzi entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo. Ngokukhuthazwa kokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo semakethe, kanye nokuqina komncintiswano wemboni, imboni yemishini yokukhipha igolide nesiliva izoletha amathuba nezinselelo ezintsha zentuthuko. Amabhizinisi kufanele aqaphe eduze izitayela zemakethe, aqinise ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, athuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye namazinga enkonzo ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo semakethe futhi afeze intuthuko yawo eqhubekayo.
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