Izindaba

Emkhakheni wokucubungula insimbi eyigugu, ukusebenza kahle kokubumba kuhlobene ngqo nezindleko zokukhiqiza, imijikelezo yokulethwa komkhiqizo, kanye nokuncintisana emakethe kwamabhizinisi. Njengenye yemishini eyinhloko, ukusetshenziswa kahle komshini wokuncibilikisa kungaletha igxathu elifanele kuyo yonke inqubo yokubumba. Okulandelayo kuzochaza ngezinyathelo ezisebenzayo namaphuzu abalulekile okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokubumba kwensimbi eyigugu ngokusebenzisaumshini wokuncibilikisa.

1.Ukukhethwa kwemishini kanye nokulungiselela kwangaphambili

(1) Ukukhetha okunembile:Khetha umshini wokuncibilikisa ofanele ngokusekelwe esikalini sokukhiqiza, izinhlobo kanye nesisindo sezinsimbi eziyigugu ezivame ukucutshungulwa. Esigabeni sokuqala sama-workshop amancane, uma ukucubungula ubucwebe begolide kuyiyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi umthamo wokucubungula ungemkhulu, ungakhetha umshini omncane wokuncibilikisa igolide ovame kakhulu onamandla angu-1-3kW. Ushisa ngokushesha, udle amandla aphansi, futhi ungalawula ngokunembile ukuncibilika kwezilinganiso ezincane zegolide; Izimboni ezinkulu zobucwebe, ezibhekene nokuphonswa okukhulu kwezinsimbi eziyigugu ezisezingeni eliphezulu lokuncibilika njengeplatinum ne-palladium, zidinga ukusebenzisa imishini yokuncibilikisa imvamisa ephakathi enamandla angaphezu kuka-5kW noma ngaphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinomthamo omkhulu zingancibilikiswa ngokushesha nangokulinganayo ngokushisa, zigweme isikhathi eside sokuncibilika ngenxa yamandla anganele.

(2)Ukuhlelwa kwesayithi:Faka indawo ezimele, enomoya omuhle, neyomile yomshini wokuncibilikisa, kude nezinto ezivuthayo neziqhumayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umoya omuhle ungakhipha ngesikhathi inani elincane lamagesi ayingozi akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu, okuqinisekisa impilo yabasebenzi; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo eyomile ingavimbela izingxenye zikagesi ukuthi zingamanzi futhi zingahambi kahle, igcine ukusebenza kwemishini okuzinzile, futhi inciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi esibangelwa amaphutha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlela indawo yokubeka izinto zokusetshenziswa namathuluzi ngendlela efanele ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle okuzungeze umshini wokuncibilikisa, njengokuhlela izinto ezisetshenziswayo, isikhunta, njll. ukuze kusetshenziswe kalula futhi kongiwe isikhathi sokushintsha izinto ukuze kutholakale izinto.

2.Ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokusebenza

(1) Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezinto ezingavuthiwe:Ngaphambi kokufakwa emshinini wokuncibilikisa, hlanza ngokucophelela izinto zokusetshenziswa zensimbi eziyigugu ukuze ususe amabala kawoyela ongaphezulu, ukungcola, ama-oxide, njll. Isibonelo, sula ibhlogo legolide ngesihlanzi sensimbi esithambile, bese ugeza ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese womisa. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokugwema ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni ekuncibilikeni futhi kuthinte ubumsulwa bako, kodwa futhi kusheshisa inqubo yokuncibilikisa ngoba izinsimbi ezihlanzekile zinokudluliswa okungcono kokushisa kanye nokudluliselwa kokushisa okusebenzayo, okuvumela inqubo yokuncibilikisa ukuthi iqedwe imizuzu embalwa ngaphambili. Ngezinto zokusetshenziswa eziningi, uma usayizi mkhulu, ukuchoboza noma ukusika okufanele kube yizicucu ezincane kungandisa indawo yokuxhumana nensimu yokushisa, okuwusizo futhi ekusheshiseni ukuncibilika.

(2) Ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile:Setha izinga lokushisa lomshini wokuncibilikisa ngokunembile ngokusekelwe endaweni yokuncibilikisa yezinsimbi eziyigugu. Uma izinga lokuncibilikisa lesiliva lingu-961.78 ℃, izinga lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe ngokunembile phakathi kuka-960-970 ℃ ngesikhathi sokushisa, okungagcini nje ngokuvimbela isiliva ekuhwamukeni nasekuchitheni izinto zokusetshenziswa ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi lingancibilika ngokushesha libe yisimo esifanayo soketshezi. Imishini yokuncibilikisa ethuthukisiwe yesimanje ivame ukuba nezinhlelo zokulawula izinga lokushisa ezihlakaniphile ezisebenzisa izinzwa ezinembe kakhulu ukuqapha izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sangempela nokulungisa amandla okushisa ngempendulo; Umsebenzisi kufanele ajwayele ukusebenza kokulawula izinga lokushisa kwemishini, futhi enze izinguquko ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi insimbi encibilikisiwe isesimweni esifanelekile sokushisa kuyo yonke inqubo, kunciphisa isikhathi esingasebenzi sokuncibilika okuphindaphindiwe ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa.

(3) Ukuqapha inqubo yokuncibilikisa:Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilikisa, qaphela ngokucophelela isimo sensimbi encibilikisiwe bese uhlola noma yiziphi izinto eziqinile noma amabhamuza angancibilikisiwe ngefasitela lokubuka lomshini wokuncibilikisa. Uma sekutholakale ukungajwayelekile, njengokushisa ngokweqile kwendawo okwakha igobolondo eliqinile elivimbela ukuncibilika, ukushisa kufanele kumiswe ngokushesha, bese ukuncibilika kufanele kushukunyiswe ngesandla noma kulungiswe imodi yokushisa; Uma kukhona amabhamuza, nquma ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zimanzi noma uma kukhona imifantu emincane esitsheni esibilisa amanzi esimunca igesi, bese uyixazulula ngokuqondile ukuze ugweme ukulungiswa kabusha okubangelwa imikhiqizo enezimbobo zomoya ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, uqinisekise izinga lempumelelo lokuncibilikisa okukodwa kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele.

3.Ukugcinwa kanye nokubambisana kwabasebenzi

(1) Ukulungiswa kwansuku zonke:Ngemva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye, linda umshini wokuncibilikisa uphole, hlanza i-slag yensimbi esele ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-crucible, bese usebenzisa ibhulashi elithambile elinoboya ukuze uhlanze uthuli emzimbeni womshini, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokungena komoya kanye namalungu kagesi, ukuvimbela ukuqongelela kothuli ukuthi kungathinti ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kanye nokuqhuba. Hlola njalo izingxenye ezibalulekile njengezinto zokushisa, izinhlelo zokulawula izinga lokushisa, kanye nezingxenye zokudlulisa, shintsha izingxenye ezisengozini njengezintambo zokushisa kanye nama-thermocouple ngokwezidingo zesandla semishini, qinisekisa ukuthi imishini isesimweni esihle sokusebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ugweme ukwehluleka okungazelelwe kanye nokuvalwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ukuze kulungiswe.

(2)Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kanye nokubambisana:Nikeza ukuqeqeshwa kobungcweti kubasebenzi abasebenzisa umshini wokuncibilikisa ukuze bajulise ukuqonda kwabo izimiso zemishini, izindawo zokusebenza, kanye nemithethonqubo yokuphepha. Izisebenzi ezinekhono zingabikezela izinkinga zokuncibilikisa futhi zilungise amapharamitha ngokuguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho, kuyilapho abaqalayo bengase babhekane nezimo ezahlukahlukene ezibambezela intuthuko ngenxa yokusebenza okungafanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abasebenzi esigabeni ngasinye sokuncibilikisa basebenza ndawonye eduze. Ngemva kokuncibilikisa igolide sekuqediwe, ukulungiswa kwesikhunta, ukuthulula nezinye izinqubo kuxhunywe ngaphandle komthungo, kunciphisa isikhathi kusukela ezinsimbini eziyigugu eziwuketshezi kuya ekuncibilikiseni okwenziwe futhi kusetshenziswa ngokugcwele inzuzo yokondla okusheshayo komshini wokuncibilikisa ukuze kufezwe ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo okuphumelelayo.

4.Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha

(1) Ukuguqulwa kokuzenzakalela:Yethula uhlelo lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kufezwe ukuxhumana phakathi komshini wokuncibilikisa kanye nezinqubo ezilandelayo zokuphonsa. Isibonelo, lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe ifinyelela inani nesimo esibekiwe, idivayisi yokuvula nokuthulula isikhunta ivuselelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze ithulule ngokunembile nangobuningi, inciphise isikhathi kanye nokulahlekelwa ukushisa kokudluliselwa ngesandla kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, inciphise amaphutha omuntu, ithuthukise ukuhambisana komkhiqizo, yenza inqubo yokuphonsa ibe ncane futhi iqondakale, futhi ikhuphule kakhulu ukusebenza kahle.

(2) Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha ezibaziwe:Kusetshenziswa izinto ezintsha zokubumba ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ezihambisa ukushisa, kanye nezimelana nokugqwala, njenge-graphite composite crucible, ukuncibilikisa izinsimbi zeqembu le-platinum. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimbozo zendabuko, zinokuqhuba ukushisa okusheshayo, ukushisa okusheshayo, isikhathi eside sokuphila, futhi kunciphisa ukushintshwa nokuvalwa njalo kwezimbozo. Kunganciphisa nokulahlekelwa ukunamathela kwezinsimbi eziyigugu odongeni lwe-crucible, kuthuthukise ngokuphelele ukusebenza kahle kokuncibilikisa igolide kanye nokuphonswa okulandelayo okuvela ezicini eziningi.

Ngezinyathelo ezibanzi ezifana nokukhethwa kwemishini, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza, ukugcinwa, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, amabhizinisi okusakaza insimbi eyigugu kulindeleke ukuthi athuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, avelele emncintiswaneni omkhulu wemakethe, futhi afinyelele ekunciphiseni izindleko, ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle, kanye nentuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu ngokuhlola amandla e-umshini wokuncibilikisa.