Izindaba

Emkhakheni wokucubungula igolide, ukunemba kweukuphonswa kwebha yegolideihlobene ngqo nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nenani lemakethe. Njengemishini ethuthukisiwe embonini, umshini omncane wokuphonsa i-ingot ye-gold bar othomathikhi ozenzakalelayo uthuthukise kakhulu ukunemba kokuphonsa i-gold bar ngochungechunge lobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokwakhiwa kokunemba, waba umsizi onamandla emabhizinisini amaningi okucubungula igolide. Okulandelayo, sizohlola imfihlakalo yokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuphonsa.

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1.Isakhiwo esiyinhloko: ukubeka isisekelo sokunemba

(I-1965)1）Uhlelo lokubumba olunembile kakhulu

Isikhunta somshini omncane wokuphonsa i-vacuum webha yegolide ozenzakalelayo ngokuphelele singabhekwa njengengxenye "yomphefumulo" wayo yonke imishini. Isikhunta senziwe ngensimbi ekhethekile, enokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye ne-coefficient ephansi kakhulu yokwanda kokushisa. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphonsa ukushisa okuphezulu, isikhunta singahlala sigcina isimo nosayizi ozinzile, sigwema ngempumelelo ukuguquguquka kwesikhunta okubangelwa ukwanda nokuncipha kokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela siqinisekise usayizi onembile noqondile wemigoqo yegolide ngesikhathi sokuphonsa. Isibonelo, isikhunta somshini wokuphonsa i-ingot womkhiqizo owaziwayo sidlula enkambisweni ekhethekile yokwelashwa kokushisa ukulawula i-coefficient yaso yokwanda kokushisa ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuncane kakhulu. Ngemuva kwemijikelezo eminingi yokuphonsa ukushisa okuphezulu, ukuphambuka kosayizi wesikhunta kusengashaywa indiva, okunikeza isiqinisekiso esiqinile sokunemba kokuphonsa i-gold bar.​

Ukwelashwa kobuso besikhunta kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokupholisha isibuko, ukushelela kobuso besikhunta kufinyelelwa ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Ubuso obushelele besikhunta bunganciphisa kakhulu ukumelana kokugeleza kwesixazululo segolide ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcwalisa, kugweme amaphutha abangelwa ukugeleza kwesisombululo okungekuhle, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuthamba nokushelela kobuso bebha yegolide, okuholela ekukhuphukeni okunembe kakhulu ekubonakaleni kokunemba kwebha yegolide.​

(I-1965)2）Indlela yokudlulisela enembile kanye nendlela yokubeka

Umshini wokuphonsa i-ingot ufakwe uhlelo lokudlulisa olunembe kakhulu, oluqukethe ama-servo motors, izikulufo zebhola eziqondile, kanye ne-high rigidity guide rails. Ama-Servo motors anganikeza amandla aqinile futhi anembile, aguqula ukunyakaza kokujikeleza kwemoto kube ukunyakaza okuqondile ngokusebenzisa izikulufo zebhola ukuze kufezwe ukuvulwa, ukuvalwa, kanye nokubekwa kwesikhunta okunembile. I-guide rail iqinisekisa ukushelela nokunemba kwenqubo yokunyakaza, inciphise ngempumelelo ukudlidliza kanye nokuphambuka ngesikhathi sokunyakaza.​

Enqubweni yangempela yokuphonsa, ukunemba kwendlela yokudlulisa kanye nokubeka kuthinta ngqo ukunemba kobukhulu bebha yegolide. Isibonelo, lapho kuphonswa imigoqo yegolide yemininingwane ehlukene, ukulawulwa okunembile kwemoto ye-servo ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokulawula kungalungisa ngokushesha nangokunembile indawo kanye nesikhala sesikhunta, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuphonswa ngakunye kuhlangabezana ngokuqinile nezindinganiso zosayizi ezilungiselelwe kusengaphambili, futhi kugcinwe amaphutha ngobukhulu obubalulekile njengobude, ububanzi, kanye nobukhulu bemigoqo yegolide ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuncane kakhulu.

2.Isigaba sokusebenza: Isihluthulelo sokunemba kokulawula

(I-1965)1）Ukudalwa Kwendawo Yokuhlanza Igesi Nokuphathwa Kwegesi

①Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlanzeka kanye nokuhlanzeka

Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokuphotha i-vacuum kuyimfuneko ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuphotha i-gold bar. Ezindaweni zokuphotha zendabuko, uthuli, ukungcola, kanye nomoya-mpilo emoyeni kuhlanganiswa kalula nesisombululo segolide esincibilikisiwe, esingashintshi nje kuphela ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali egolide, kodwa futhi esingadala amaphutha afana nama-pores kanye nokufakwa ngaphakathi kwe-gold bar, okuthinta kakhulu ubumsulwa kanye nekhwalithi ye-gold bar. Umshini omncane wokuphotha i-gold bar vacuum ingot ozenzakalelayo ngokuphelele ufakwe iphampu yokuphotha i-vacuum esebenza kahle kakhulu, enganciphisa ngokushesha ingcindezi yomoya ngaphakathi kwe-ingot ibe amazinga aphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile afinyelela ku-10⁻ama-pascal noma ngisho nangaphansi. Endaweni enjalo ene-vacuum ephezulu, amathuba okungcola emoyeni ancishiswe kakhulu, okuqinisekisa ubumsulwa begolide elivela emthonjeni futhi kubekwa isisekelo esiqinile sokuphonswa okunembe kakhulu okulandelayo.​

②Ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilikisa nokuphonsa igolide, igolide ngokwalo likhipha amagesi athile. Uma lingakhishwa ngesikhathi, la magesi azokwakha ama-pores ngaphakathi kwebha yegolide, onakalise isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi futhi athinte ukufana kwayo kanye nezakhiwo zayo zomshini. Uhlelo lwe-vacuum lomshini we-ingot casting alukwazi nje ukudala indawo enomfutho ophansi, kodwa futhi lukhipha njalo nangokuphumelelayo igesi ekhishwa egolideni. Ngomsebenzi ohlanganisiwe wesiteshi sokukhipha umoya esiklanywe kahle kanye nephampu ye-vacuum esebenza kahle, kuqinisekiswa ukuthi igesi ikhishwa ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuba igolide liqine, kugwenywe ngempumelelo ukuvela kwamaphutha afana nama-pores, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yangaphakathi kanye nokunemba kwebha yegolide.

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(I-1965)2）Uhlelo lokulawula izinga lokushisa olunembile

①Ukulawula okunembile kwezinga lokushisa lokuncibilika

Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kwegolide licishe libe ngu-1064℃, kodwa enkambisweni yangempela yokubumba, ukulawulwa okunembile kwezinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukufana kanye nokugeleza kwesisombululo segolide. Umshini omncane wokubumba i-gold bar vacuum ingot ozenzakalelayo ngokuphelele ufakwe izinzwa zokushisa ezinembile kakhulu kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ukushisa ezithuthukisiwe. Inzwa yokushisa ingaqapha izinga lokushisa legolide ngesikhathi sangempela nangokunembile, ngokunemba± 1 ℃noma ngaphezulu. Uhlelo lokulawula ukushisa lulungisa amandla okushisa ngokunembile ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms ahlakaniphile ngokusekelwe kumpendulo yedatha yokushisa evela kuma-sensor, ukuqinisekisa ukuncibilika kwegolide okuzinzile ekushiseni okubekiwe futhi kugweme ukupholisa kakhulu noma ukushisa ngokweqile kwesisombululo segolide okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwesisombululo segolide ngaphambi kokungena esikhumbeni, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sezinto ezizinzile zokuphonswa okunembe kakhulu.​

②Ukuthuthukisa i-gradient yokushisa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqina

Ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa okufanelekile kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yokwakheka kwekristalu kanye nokunemba kwezingodo zegolide ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqina. Umshini wokuphonsa i-ingot ulawula ngokunembile ijubane lokupholisa kanye nokulandelana kokupholisa kwesikhunta ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokulawula izinga lokushisa oluhlakaniphile. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa izinga lokupholisa elisheshayo phansi kwesikhunta kuvumela igolide ukuthi liqine ngokukhethekile kusukela phansi, ngenkathi kulungiswa izinga lokupholisa ngokufanele ezinhlangothini naphezulu ukuze kwakheke ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa okufanelekile kusukela phezulu kuya phansi kanye nangaphandle kuya ngaphakathi. Lokhu kuphakama kwezinga lokushisa okulawulwa ngokunembile kungakhuthaza ukuhlelwa okuhlelekile kwama-athomu egolide, kunciphise ukugxilisa kwangaphakathi kanye nokukhubazeka kwekristalu, kuthuthukise ukufana kobuningi kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo sangaphakathi sezingodo zegolide, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise kakhulu ukunemba kokuphola kwezingodo zegolide.

3.Uhlelo Lokulawula Oluhlakaniphile: Isiqinisekiso Sokunemba Okuphelele

(I-1965)1）Ukuqapha ipharamitha yesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulungiswa kwempendulo

Uhlelo lokulawula oluhlakaniphile lomshini omncane we-vacuum ingot we-gold bar ozenzakalelayo ngokuphelele lufana "nobuchopho" bemishini, obungaqapha amapharamitha amaningi ayisihluthulelo ngesikhathi sangempela ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphonsa, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, izinga le-vacuum, izinga lokugeleza kwesisombululo segolide, njll. La mapharamitha adluliselwa ngesikhathi sangempela ohlelweni lokulawula ngezinzwa ezisatshalaliswe ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ezibalulekile zemishini. Uhlelo lokulawula lusebenzisa ama-algorithms okuhlaziya idatha athuthukile ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwesikhathi sangempela nokwahlulela kumapharamitha aqoqwe. Uma amapharamitha esephambukile ebangeni elihle elisethwe ngaphambilini, uhlelo luzolungisa ngokushesha amapharamitha okusebenza kwemishini ahambisanayo, njengokulungisa amandla okushisa, izinga lokupompa iphampu ye-vacuum, izinga lokugeleza kwephampu yokudlulisa igolide, njll., ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke inqubo yokuphonsa ihlala isesimweni esihle kakhulu, iqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukuzinza nokuvumelana kokunemba kokuphomba kwebha yegolide.​

(I-1965)2）Ukuxilongwa kwephutha kanye nendlela yokuxwayisa

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile komshini wokuphonsa i-ingot kanye nokunemba kokuphonsa ibha yegolide, uhlelo lokulawula oluhlakaniphile lunemisebenzi enamandla yokuxilonga amaphutha kanye nokuxwayisa. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini, uhlelo luzoqapha futhi luhlaziye njalo isimo sokusebenza kwengxenye ngayinye. Lapho kutholakala isimo esingavamile engxenyeni ethile, njengokwehluleka kwenzwa yokushisa, ukuvuza kwephampu ye-vacuum, ukuguguleka kwengxenye yokudlulisela, njll., uhlelo lungabona ngokushesha uhlobo nendawo yephutha futhi lwazise opharetha ngesikhathi esifanele ngama-alamu omsindo nokukhanya, izaziso ze-SMS, nezinye izindlela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo luzothatha izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ezihambisanayo ngokusekelwe ebunzimeni bephutha, njengokunciphisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isivinini sokusebenza kwemishini, ukumisa inqubo yokuphonsa, noma ukuvala okuphuthumayo, ukugwema ukwehla kokunemba kokuphonsa noma ngisho nokulahla okubangelwa ukwehluleka kwemishini, ukunikeza isiqinisekiso esithembekile sokuphonsa imigoqo yegolide ngokunemba okuphezulu.

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Ibha encane yegolide ezenzakalelayo ngokupheleleumshini wokukhipha i-vacuum ingotifinyelele ukuthuthuka okuphelele ekuqondeni kokuphonswa kwegolide nge-innovation ngokubambisana kanye nokuklama okunembile kwesakhiwo esiyinhloko, ukusebenza, kanye nokulawula okuhlakaniphile. Lobu buchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nemibono emisha akugcini nje ngokuqhuba intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe embonini yokucubungula igolide, kodwa futhi kuletha imikhiqizo yegolide yekhwalithi ephezulu kubathengi. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, sikholelwa ukuthi umshini omncane wokukhipha i-vacuum ingot we-gold bar ozenzakalelayo ngokugcwele uzoqhubeka nokwenza ngcono futhi uthuthukise esikhathini esizayo, udale inani elengeziwe embonini yokucubungula igolide.​