Izindaba

Emkhakheni wokucubungula igolide nesiliva, ngokwesiko, ukupholisha kuvame ukuthembela ekwenzeni ubuso begolide nesiliva bukhanye kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngosizo lwe-aumshini wokukhipha i-vacuum ingot, singahlola ezinye izindlela ezihlukile ezingafeza lo mphumela ngaphandle kokupholisha. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwenza kube lula ukugeleza kwenqubo, kodwa futhi kunciphisa izindleko ngezinga elithile, ngenkathi kufinyelela imiphumela eyanelisayo ebusweni.

1.Ukuhlola izimiso

Endaweni engenagesi, inqubo yokuqina kwezinsimbi idlula ezinguqukweni ezibalulekile. Umshini wokubumba i-vacuum ingot unganciphisa kakhulu ithonya lokungcola namagesi emoyeni ekuncibilikeni kwegolide nesiliva. Lapho igolide nesiliva ziqina endaweni engenagesi, inqubo yazo yokwenza ikristalu iba yinto efanayo futhi iqine. Lesi sakhiwo sekristalu esifanayo nesiqinile sibeka isisekelo sokukhanya kwemvelo kwezindawo zegolide nesiliva. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqina endaweni evamile, indawo engenagesi inciphisa amaphutha obuso obubangelwa ukufakwa kwegesi kanye nokunamathela kokungcola, okwenza izinga elincane lobuso begolide nesiliva libe bushelelezi futhi libushelelezi. Ukukhanya kungabonakalisa futhi kukhanye kahle ebusweni balo, ngaleyo ndlela kubonise ukukhanya okukhangayo.

2.Izinyathelo zokusebenza

(I-1965)1）Umsebenzi wokulungiselela

Ukukhetha izinto zokusetshenziswa: Qinisekisa ukuthi kusetshenziswa izinto zokusetshenziswa zegolide nezesiliva ezihlanzekile kakhulu. Okuqukethwe kokungcola okweqile kungathinta kakhulu umphumela wokugcina wokukhanya kobuso. Isibonelo, izinto zokusetshenziswa zegolide nezesiliva ezihlanzekile ezingama-99.99% noma ngaphezulu zinganciphisa ukukhubazeka kobuso okubangelwa ukungcola.

Ukuhlolwa Kwemishini: Yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele komshini wokuphonsa i-vacuum ingot, okuhlanganisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-vacuum lungafinyelela yini izinga elibekiwe le-vacuum, ukuthi idivayisi yokushisa isebenza kahle yini, nokuthi isikhunta se-ingot siphelele futhi sihlanzekile yini. Uma kukhona ukuvuza ohlelweni lwe-vacuum, kuzobangela ukuthi umoya ungene futhi kuthinte indawo yokuqina kwensimbi; Idivayisi yokushisa engavamile ingabangela ukuncibilika okungalingani kwegolide nesiliva; Uma kukhona ukungcola noma umonakalo kusikhunta se-ingot, kuzobangela ukungalingani ebusweni be-ingot.

(I-1965)2）Ukuncibilikisa igolide nesiliva

Ukulayisha: Faka ngokucophelela izinto zokusetshenziswa zegolide nesiliva ezikhethiwe ebhodweni lomshini wokuphonsa nge-vacuum. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokulayisha, kubalulekile ukugwema ukushayisana phakathi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa nodonga lwebhodwe, okungadala ukungcola. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zifakwa phakathi kwebhodwe lokubhaka ukuqinisekisa ukushisa okufanayo.

Ukupompa nge-vacuum: Vala umnyango wesithando somshini wokuphonsa nge-ingot bese uqala uhlelo lwe-vacuum. Khipha umoya kancane ngaphakathi komshini wokuphonsa nge-ingot bese ulawula izinga le-vacuum ngaphakathi kwebanga elingu-10⁻³-10⁻⁵I-Pa ngokuya ngokusebenza kwemishini. Leli zinga le-vacuum linganciphisa ngempumelelo ukungcola komoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen kanye namanye amagesi emoyeni kuze kube yilapho igolide nesiliva zincibilika.

Ukushisa nokuncibilikisa: Vula idivayisi yokushisa bese ufudumeza ngesivinini esifanele sokushisa ngokwezimpawu zephuzu lokuncibilikisa legolide nesiliva. Isibonelo, iphuzu lokuncibilikisa legolide lingaba ngu-1064℃, kanti iphuzu lokuncibilika kwesiliva licishe libe ngu-961℃Uma usondela endaweni yokuncibilika, izinga lokushisa kufanele lincishiswe ngokufanele ukuqinisekisa ukuncibilika kwegolide nesiliva okufanayo futhi kugwenywe ukushisa ngokweqile endaweni. Ngemva kokuba igolide nesiliva kuncibilike ngokuphelele kwaba isimo soketshezi, gcina izinga lokushisa elihlala njalo isikhathi esithile ukuze ukwakheka kokuncibilika kufane kakhudlwana.

(I-1965)3）Ukubumba kwe-Ingot

1. Ukulungiswa kwesikhunta: Shisa isikhunta se-ingot ngenkathi igolide nesiliva kuncibilika. Izinga lokushisa lokushisa kusengaphambili livame ukulawulwa phakathi kuka-100-200℃, futhi izinga lokushisa elithile lingalungiswa ngokuya ngezidingo zezinto zokubumba kanye ne-ingot yegolide nesiliva. Inhloso yokushisa kusengaphambili ukwenza izinga lokushisa lokubumba lifane futhi kugwenywe ukugxilisa ingqondo okubangelwa umehluko omkhulu wokushisa lapho kuthululwa igolide nesiliva elincibilikayo ku-ingot, okuthinta ikhwalithi ye-ingot.

2. Ukulingisa: Lapho ukuncibilika kwegolide nesiliva kufinyelela izinga lokushisa elifanele lokuphotha, kuthululwa kancane kancane nangokulinganayo ku-ingot mold eshisiwe ngedivayisi yokuphotha yomshini wokuphotha we-vacuum ingot. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphotha, kufanele kugcinwe izinga lokugeleza elizinzile ukuze kugwenywe ukuxokozela nokuvimbela umoya ukuthi ungadonselwa ekuncibilikeni.

3.Ukulawulwa kokuqina:Lapho igolide nesiliva kuncibilika ku-ingot mold kuqala ukuqina, ijubane lokuqina lingalawulwa ngokulungisa uhlelo lokupholisa lomshini wokuphonsa i-ingot. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokuqina elihamba kancane nelilinganayo lisiza ekwakheni isakhiwo sekristalu esiminyene. Isibonelo, inhlanganisela yokupholisa kwemvelo kanye nokupholisa komoya okumaphakathi kungasetshenziswa ukuqinisa kancane kancane i-ingot kusuka ebusweni kuya ngaphakathi.

3.Izinyathelo zokuzivikela

1. Lawula ngokuqinile imingcele yemvelo:Kuyo yonke inqubo, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokuqinile amapharamitha afana nezinga le-vacuum, izinga lokushisa, nesikhathi. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kupharamitha kungaba nomthelela omubi kumphumela wokugcina we-surface gloss. Isibonelo, i-vacuum enganele ingabangela ukuhlangana kwegesi, okuholela ekuqhekekeni ebusweni be-ingot; Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa okungalungile kungaholela esakhiweni sekristalu esiqinile noma esingalingani.

2. Izidingo zamakhono zabaqhubi: Abaqhubi kudingeka babe nolwazi olucebile ekusebenzeniimishini yokukhipha i-vacuum ingotkanye nokuqonda okujulile ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula igolide nesiliva. Enkambisweni yokusebenza, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukwahlulela ngokunembile izimo ezahlukahlukene nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphendula ngesikhathi esifanele.

3. Ukugcinwa njalo kwemishini:Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umshini wokuphonsa i-vacuum ingot uhlala usesimweni esihle sokusebenza, kuyadingeka ukugcina imishini njalo. Kubandakanya ukuhlanza uhlelo lwe-vacuum, ukuhlola izinto zokushisa, ukulinganisa izinzwa zokushisa, njll., ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinkomba zokusebenza kwemishini ziyahlangabezana nezidingo.

Ngochungechunge lwemisebenzi emshinini wokupholisha we-vacuum okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, ubuso begolide nesiliva bungakhipha ukukhanya okukhangayo ngaphandle kokudlula ezinqubweni zokupholisha zendabuko. Le ndlela inikeza indlela entsha kanye nokukhetha inqubo embonini yokucubungula igolide nesiliva, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.