I-Smelt Oven Induction Speedy Melting 6kg 8kg 10kg 15kg 20kg Manual Tilting Gold Smelting Furnace

1. Isingeniso

Izinsimbi eziyigugu, njengegolide, isiliva, iplatinum, ne-palladium, zinezakhiwo ezihlukile zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ezenza zibe yigugu kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ubucwebe, izinto zikagesi, kanye nodokotela bamazinyo. Inqubo yokuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu idinga imishini enembile nephumelelayo ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitofu zokuncibilikisa, isithando sokuncibilikisa insimbi esithambekele ekuncibilikiseni sivele njengokukhetha okuhle kakhulu kokuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu, sinikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezihlukile kunezinye izindlela zokuncibilikisa zendabuko.

2. Isimiso Sokusebenza Sokuthambekisa Izithando Zokuncibilikisa Ukufakwa Kwe-Induction

2.1 Isimiso Sokushisa Sokungenisa

Ukushisa kokungenisa kusekelwe esimisweni sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Lapho ugesi oshintshashintshayo (AC) udlula kukhoyili (inductor), kukhiqizwa insimu yamagnetic eshintshayo ezungeze ikhoyili. Uma kufakwa ishaja yensimbi eqhubayo ngaphakathi kwale nsimu yamagnetic, kukhiqizwa amandla e-electromotive akhiqizwayo (emf) ensimbini. Ngokomthetho ka-Ohm, le emf ekhiqizwayo ibangela ukuthi ugesi okhiqizwayo (ugesi okhiqizwayo) ugeleze ngaphakathi kwensimbi. Ukumelana kwensimbi nokugeleza kwale mithombo yamandla e-eddy kuphumela ekukhiqizweni kokushisa, njengoba kuchazwe yifomula ethi Q = I^{2}Rt, lapho u-Q kungukushisa okukhiqizwayo, u-I ungugesi, u-R uwukumelana, kanye no-t yisikhathi. Lokhu kushisa bese kusetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa insimbi.

2.2 Indlela Yokuthambekela

Isici sokuthambekela kwesithando sokuncibilikisa i-induction siwumklamo owengeziwe womshini. Umzimba wesithando ufakwe endleleni yokuthambekela evumela ukuthi uthambekele ekhoneni elithile. Lo msebenzi wokuthambekela ubalulekile ekuthululweni okubushelelezi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe. Lapho insimbi incibilikisiwe ngokuphelele, isithando singathambekela, futhi insimbi encibilikisiwe ingathululwa ezikhumbeni noma kwezinye izitsha ngokunemba, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuthululweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu lapho kuthululwa khona ngokunembile ukuze kugwenywe imfucuza nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe.

3. Izinzuzo Zokuthambekisa Izithando Zokuncibilikisa Ezintweni Eziyigugu Ukuncibilikisa

3.1 Ukuncibilika Okuphezulu Kobumsulwa

3.1.1 Ukungcola Okuncishisiwe

Ekuncibilikiseni izinsimbi eziyigugu, ukugcina ubumsulwa obuphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu. Izindlela zendabuko zokuncibilikisa, njengezinye izitofu ezishiswa ngophethiloli, zingangenisa ukungcola ensimbini encibilikisiwe. Isibonelo, ukushiswa kwamafutha angaphansi komhlaba ezitsheni ezishiswa ngophethiloli kungakhipha i-sulfur, i-nitrogen oxides, kanye nezinto ezincane. Lezi zinto zingasabela nezinsimbi eziyigugu ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilikisa, okuholela ekwakhekeni kokungcola. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuncibilikisa kokungeniswa esithandweni esithambekile kusebenzisa ukungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic ukushisa, okususa isidingo semithombo yokushisa esekelwe ekushiseni. Ngenxa yalokho, kunengozi encane kakhulu yokungcola okuvela emithonjeni yangaphandle, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsimbi eziyigugu zihlala zisesimweni sobumsulwa obuphezulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilikisa.

3.1.2 Ukulawula Izinga Lokushisa Elinembile

Izinsimbi eziyigugu zivame ukuba nezindawo ezithile zokuncibilika futhi zidinga ukulawulwa okuqondile kokushisa ngesikhathi sokuncibilika. Izitofu zokuncibilika ze-induction zokuthambekela zifakwe izinhlelo zokulawula izinga lokushisa ezithuthukisiwe. Lezi zinhlelo zingazwa ngokunembile izinga lokushisa lensimbi encibilikile futhi zilungise amandla okufaka ku-inductor ngokufanele. Isibonelo, i-platinum inephuzu lokuncibilika elingaba ngu-1768 °C. Ngokulawulwa okuqondile kokushisa kwesithando sokuncibilika se-induction sokuthambekela, izinga lokushisa lingagcinwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elincane kakhulu eduze kwaleli phuzu lokuncibilika. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukuncibilika okuphelele kwensimbi kodwa futhi kuvimbela ukufudumala ngokweqile, okungase kubangele i-oxidation noma ezinye izinguquko zamakhemikhali ezingase zinciphise ubumsulwa bensimbi eyigugu.

3.2 Ukusetshenziswa Kahle Kwamandla

3.2.1 Ukushisa Okuphezulu Kokungenisa Okuvama Kakhulu

Ukushisa kokungenisa amandla ezithandweni zokuthambekela ngokuvamile kusebenza ngamaza aphezulu. Ukushisa kokungenisa amandla ngemvamisa ephezulu kunokuguqulwa okuphezulu kwamandla kagesi abe amandla okushisa. Insimu kagesi ekhiqizwa ugesi wemvamisa ephezulu ku-inductor ingangena ijule ekushajweni kwensimbi, okwenza insimbi ishise ngokushesha ngaphakathi. Le ndlela yokushisa yangaphakathi isebenza kahle kakhulu kunezindlela zokushisa zangaphandle, njengokushisa okukhazimulayo kwezinye izithando zendabuko. Ukushisa okusheshayo kunciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla jikelele. Isibonelo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izithando ezishiswa ngegesi, izithando zokuncibilikisa amandla nge-induction zingonga amandla afinyelela ku-30 ​​- 50% ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu.

3.3.2 Ukuthulula Okubushelelezi

Umsebenzi wokuthambekisa wesithando udlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuliseni umkhiqizo. Uma insimbi eyigugu isincibilikisiwe, ukuthambekisa kwesithando bushelelezi futhi okulawulwayo kuvumela ukuthululwa okusheshayo nokunembile kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ezikhumbeni. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi phakathi kokuncibilika nokuthululwa, kunciphisa ingozi yokuqina kwensimbi encibilikisiwe esithandweni futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthululwa okunembile okuvunyelwe yindlela yokuthambekisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi insimbi encibilikisiwe igcwalisa izikhumbeni ngokulinganayo, kunciphisa isidingo sokuncibilikisa kabusha noma ukucubungula ngemuva kokuthungwa okungaphelele noma okungalingani.

3.4 Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokuguquguquka

3.4.1 Ukuncibilikisa Insimbi Eyigugu Okuhlukile

Izitofu zokuncibilikisa i-induction zokuthambekisa zingasetshenziswa ukuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa igolide, isiliva, iplatinum, ne-palladium. Ngayinye yalezi zinsimbi eziyigugu inamaphuzu okuncibilika ahlukene, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali, kanye nezidingo zokuncibilikisa. Amandla alungisekayo kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula izinga lokushisa zesithando sokuncibilikisa i-induction zokuthambekisa zingenziwa ngokwezifiso kalula ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zezinsimbi eziyigugu ezahlukene. Isibonelo, lapho kuncibilikiswa isiliva (indawo yokuncibilikisa ezungeze u-962 °C), izilungiselelo zamandla kanye nezinga lokushisa zingalungiswa ngokufanele, kuyilapho iplatinum (enephuzu lokuncibilika eliphakeme kakhulu), isithando singasethwa ukuthi sisebenze emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye namazinga amandla. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza isithando sokuncibilikisa i-induction sokuthambekisa sibe yisisombululo esisodwa sokuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu ezahlukene endaweni eyodwa yokukhiqiza.

3.4.2 Osayizi Abahlukene Bokushaja

Lezi zithando zitholakala ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, okuvumela ukuncibilikiswa kosayizi abahlukene bezinsimbi eziyigugu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kobucwebe obuncane okudinga ukuncibilikiswa kwamagremu ambalwa ezinsimbi eziyigugu noma umsebenzi omkhulu wokuncibilikisa izimboni ophathelene namakhilogramu ezinsimbi eziyigugu, kukhona isithando sokuncibilikisa esifanelekile sokuthambekisa. Izithando ezincane zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokusebenzela ubucwebe, lapho ukukhiqizwa kokunemba kanye nokukhiqizwa okuncane kubalulekile. Izithando ezinkulu zezimboni zingaphatha inani elikhulu lezinsimbi eziyigugu, zihlangabezane nezidingo zezimboni ezifana nokukhiqiza izinto ze-elekthronikhi, okudinga inani elikhulu lezinsimbi eziyigugu ezihlanzekile kakhulu ukuze kukhiqizwe izingxenye.

3.5 Ukuphepha Nobungani Emvelweni

3.5.1 Ukusebenza Okuphephile

Izithando zokuncibilikisa i-induction ezithambekele zakhiwe ngezici eziningi zokuphepha. Uhlelo lokushisa lwe-electromagnetic induction alubandakanyi amalangabi avulekile, okunciphisa ingozi yomlilo nokuqhuma uma kuqhathaniswa nezithando ezithambekele kuphethiloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithando sihlonyiswe ngokuvikelwa kokushisa okungaphezu kokushisa, ukuvikelwa kokuvuza, kanye namanye amadivayisi okuphepha. Isibonelo, uma izinga lokushisa lesithando lidlula umkhawulo obekiwe, ukunikezwa kwamandla kuzonqanyulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuvimbela umonakalo emishinini kanye nezingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona. Indlela yokuthambekela iphinde ibe nezikhiye zokuphepha kanye nezinkinobho zomkhawulo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi wokuthambekela wenziwa kahle nangokuphephile.

3.5.2 Ukukhishwa Okuncishisiwe Kwegesi

Njengoba izitofu zokuncibilikisa ezisebenzisa ugesi ezithambekele zinganciki ekushisweni kwamafutha emvelo, zikhiqiza ukukhishwa okuncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezitofu ezivamile ezisebenzisa ugesi. Azikhiphi ukungcola njenge-sulfur dioxide (SO_{2}), i-nitrogen oxides (NO_{x}), kanye nezinto ezincane. Lokhu akuzuzisi nje kuphela imvelo kodwa futhi nempilo yabasebenzi abasesikhungweni sokuncibilikisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwalezi zitofu kusho ukuthi kusetshenziswa amandla amancane, okunciphisa umthelela wekhabhoni ohambisana nenqubo yokuncibilikisa, okunegalelo emizamweni yomhlaba wonke yokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

4. Izifundo Zezimo kanye Nezicelo Zemboni

4.1 Imboni Yobucwebe

Embonini yobucwebe, ikhwalithi kanye nobumsulwa bezinsimbi eziyigugu kubaluleke kakhulu. Abakhiqizi abaningi bobucwebe abasezingeni eliphezulu basebenzisa izitofu zokuncibilikisa i-induction ukuze bancibilikise igolide, isiliva, kanye neplatinum. Isibonelo, uhlobo lobucwebe oludumile e-Italy lubike ukuthi ngemva kokushintshela esithandweni sokuncibilikisa i-induction, ikhwalithi yobucwebe babo begolide ithuthuke kakhulu. Ukuncibilikisa ubumsulwa obuphezulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi igolide ligcina ukukhanya nombala walo isikhathi eside. Isivinini sokuncibilika okusheshayo kanye nokuthululwa okunembile nakho kuvumela imiklamo yobucwebe eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enemininingwane eminingi, njengoba insimbi encibilikisiwe ingathululwa ngokunembile ezikhumbeni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

4.2 Imboni Yezinto Eziphathekayo

Imboni ye-elekthronikhi idinga izinsimbi eziyigugu ezimsulwa kakhulu ukuze kukhiqizwe izingxenye ezifana nezixhumi, amabhodi wesekethe, kanye nezinzwa. I-Palladium ne-platinum zivame ukusetshenziswa kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ngenxa yokuqhuba kwazo kahle kagesi kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Umkhiqizi we-elekthronikhi ohamba phambili eJapane usethathe izitofu zokuncibilikisa i-induction zokuncibilikisa lezi zinsimbi eziyigugu. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwesithando somlilo kunciphise izindleko zazo zokukhiqiza, kuyilapho ukuncibilikisa izinsimbi ezihlanzekile kakhulu kuthuthukise ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwemikhiqizo yabo ye-elekthronikhi. Ukuguquguquka kwesithando somlilo ukuphatha osayizi abahlukene bokushaja nakho kuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza ezahlukahlukene zemboni ye-elekthronikhi, kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwezibonelo ezincane kuya ekukhiqizweni okukhulu.

5. Isiphetho

Ekuphetheni, izitofu zokuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi zokuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu. Amakhono azo okuncibilikisa ahlanzekile kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, isivinini sokuncibilikisa esisheshayo, ukuguquguquka, kanye nezici zokuphepha kuzenza zibe ukukhetha okuhle kwezimboni ezibhekene nezinsimbi eziyigugu. Njengoba isidingo semikhiqizo yensimbi eyigugu esezingeni eliphezulu siqhubeka nokukhula ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezifana nobucwebe, i-elekthronikhi, kanye nodokotela bamazinyo, ukusetshenziswa kwezitofu zokuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu kulindeleke ukuthi kusabalale kakhulu. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nentuthuko kule ndawo kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwesitofu sokuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu esithuthuke kakhulu futhi esisebenza kahle, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yezinqubo zokuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu.