Izindaba

Embonini yensimbi eyigugu encintisana kakhulu, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza sekuyisihluthulelo sokuwina kwamabhizinisi.Imishini yokuphonsa eqhubekayokancane kancane zibe “izintandokazi” zezinkampani eziningi zensimbi eyigugu ngenxa yezinzuzo zazo eziyingqayizivele. Lobu buchwepheshe bokuphonsa uketshezi lwensimbi olushisa kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-castings buletha izinzuzo ezibalulekile emabhizinisini kusukela ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza kuya ekhwalithini yomkhiqizo. Okulandelayo, sizohlola ngokujulile izizathu zokuthi kungani ithandwa kakhulu.

1. Ukukhiqiza okuphumelelayo, ukusebenzisa amathuba emakethe

(1) Ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi somjikelezo

Umshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo uphule imodi yokukhiqiza yendabuko ngezikhathi ezithile yenqubo yokuphonsa isikhunta futhi wafeza ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kuya ekuphonsweni. Ukuphonsa okuvamile kuhilela uchungechunge lwezinqubo ezikhathazayo njengokuhlanza isikhunta, ukufudumeza kusengaphambili, ukuphonsa, kanye nokususa isikhunta ngemva kokuqeda isithando ngasinye sokuphonsa, okungathathi nje isikhathi eside kodwa futhi okushiya imishini ingasebenzi isikhathi eside.

Futhi umshini wokuphonsa okuqhubekayo ungasebenza njalo. Uma sithatha ibhizinisi lokukhiqiza igolide elidumile njengesibonelo, ngemva kokwethula umshini wokuphonsa okuqhubekayo, umjikelezo walo wokukhiqiza we-billet wafinyezwa kusukela emahoreni angu-8 ngebhetshi ngayinye kuya emahoreni ama-3, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwanda izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-1.5. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza esebenza kahle ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi aphendule ngokushesha esidingweni semakethe futhi ahole ekuqhubekiseleni imikhiqizo emakethe emakethe enokuguquguquka okuvamile kwamanani ensimbi eyigugu, ngaleyo ndlela athole inzuzo yokuncintisana.

(2) Isivuno esikhulu sensimbi kunciphisa izindleko

Izinsimbi eziyigugu ziyabiza, futhi ngisho nephesenti elincane lokulahlekelwa lingabangela ukwanda okukhulu kwezindleko. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza umshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo, insimbi encibilikisiwe yakhiwa ngqo, okunciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwensimbi okubangelwa yinsalela yokusakaza, ukusika kwe-riser, njll.

Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphonswa kwendabuko, isivuno sensimbi semishini yokuphonswa okuqhubekayo ngokuvamile singakhushulwa ngo-12% -15%. Uma sibheka ukukhiqizwa kweplatinum njengesibonelo, ibhizinisi elinomkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wamathani ama-5 eplatinum lingakhiqiza cishe amakhilogremu angu-600-750 eplatinum minyaka yonke ngokusebenzisa imishini yokuphonswa okuqhubekayo. Uma ibalwa ngentengo yemakethe yeplatinum, ingandisa imali engenayo ngezigidi noma ngisho namashumi ezigidi zama-yuan ngonyaka, inciphise ngempumelelo izindleko zokukhiqiza zemikhiqizo yamayunithi futhi ithuthukise inzuzo yebhizinisi.

2. Ukulawula okunembile ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo

(1) Ukulawulwa okunembile kwenqubo yokuqinisa

Umshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo ufinyelela ukulawula okunembile enqubweni yokuqina kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ngokulungisa ngokunembile amapharamitha afana nesilinganiso sokupholisa se-crystallizer, isivinini sokuphonsa, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi endaweni yesibili yokupholisa. Uma sithatha ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo wesiliva njengesibonelo, lapho ijubane lokupholisa le-crystallizer lilungiswa ukuze lisheshise, usayizi wezinhlamvu ze-silver casting uba muhle futhi ufane kakhudlwana. Ngemva kokuhlolwa, amandla awo anda cishe ngo-20% futhi ukuqina kukhuliswa ngo-15%, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokucubungula okulandelayo.

Leli khono lokulawula elinembile lingahlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zamakhasimende ahlukene zokusebenza komkhiqizo, okwenza imikhiqizo yensimbi eyigugu ekhiqizwa amabhizinisi ibe nokuncintisana okukhulu ngekhwalithi.

(2) Nciphisa amaphutha angaphakathi futhi uthuthukise izinga lokukhiqiza

Enkambisweni yokuphonsa eqhubekayo, i-billet yakhiwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokuqina ezizinzile, futhi inqubo yokudweba ifakwa amandla afanayo, igwema ngempumelelo imifantu yangaphakathi, ukukhululeka kanye nezinye iziphambeko ezibangelwa amandla angaphandle ayinkimbinkimbi ekubunjweni kwesikhunta sendabuko.

Ibhizinisi elithile lokucubungula insimbi leqembu leplatinum lake lenza ukuhlolwa kokuqhathanisa, lathola ukuthi lapho kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bendabuko bokubumba isikhunta, izinga lokukhubazeka kwangaphakathi kwe-billet yokubumba laliphezulu njengo-8%, kodwa ngemva kokushintshela ekukhiqizweni komshini wokubumba okuqhubekayo, izinga lokukhubazeka lehle laya ngaphansi kuka-1%. Ukucubungula kwekhwalithi ephezulu kubeke isisekelo esiqinile sokucubungula okulandelayo, kwandisa isivuno somkhiqizo kusuka ku-85% kuya ngaphezu kuka-95%, okuqinisekisa izinzuzo zezomnotho zebhizinisi.

3. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene

(1) Ukukhiqizwa kwezimo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene obuhlukahlukene

Ukuguquguquka okunamandla kwemishini yokuphonsa eqhubekayo kubonakala ekhonweni layo lokuphonsa ama-billets anezimo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene obuhlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyizinto ezivamile eziyisiyingi, eziyisikwele, noma ezimise okwepuleti, noma izinto ezimise okwehlukile ezisetshenziswa emikhakheni ekhethekile, konke kungafinyelelwa kalula.

Embonini yobucwebe, amabhizinisi angakhiqiza ama-billet ensimbi ayindilinga anobubanzi obuhlukene ngokulungisa umshini wokubumba oqhubekayo ngokwezidingo zomklamo; Embonini ye-elekthronikhi, kungenzeka futhi ukuphonsa amashidi ensimbi ayigugu anobukhulu nobubanzi obuthile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ze-oda ezenzelwe wena zezimboni ezahlukene namakhasimende, kusize amabhizinisi andise ububanzi bawo bebhizinisi.

(2) Isebenza kabanzi ezinsimbini eziyigugu ezahlukahlukene

Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba okuqhubekayo busebenza kahle ezinsimbini ezahlukahlukene eziyigugu njengegolide, isiliva, iplatinum, i-palladium, njll. Izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zezinsimbi ezahlukene eziyigugu ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, isibonelo, iplatinum inephuzu lokuncibilika elifika ku-1772 ℃, kuyilapho isiliva linephuzu lokuncibilika elingu-961.78 ℃ kuphela, futhi ukugeleza kwazo nakho kuhlukile.

Umshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo uthuthukisa amapharamitha enqubo, njengokwandisa amandla okupholisa kanye nesivinini sokuphonsa se-crystallizer se-platinum, ukulungisa izinto ze-crystallizer kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo yesiliva, ukuze imishini efanayo ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi eziningi eziyigugu. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwemishini, kodwa futhi kugwema ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kwamabhizinisi ekuthengeni amasethi amaningi emishini yokukhiqiza izinsimbi eziyigugu ezahlukene, kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza.

4. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kuholela entuthukweni esimeme

(1) Ukukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo kanye nobuhlakani kunika amandla ukukhiqiza

Uhlelo lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo noluhlakaniphile olufakwe emishinini yanamuhla yokuphonsa eqhubekayo selube “ubuchopho obuhlakaniphile” benqubo yokukhiqiza. Izinzwa ezahlukahlukene ziqapha amapharamitha abalulekile njengokushisa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, ukuphakama kwezinga loketshezi, kanye nesivinini sokudonsa i-billet ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi zidlulisa idatha ngokushesha ohlelweni lokulawula.

Uhlelo lulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amapharamitha okusebenza kwemishini ngokusekelwe ezinhlelweni ezilungiselelwe kanye nama-algorithms ukuqinisekisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezizinzile nezinembile. Esikhungweni esithile sokukhiqiza igolide, ukwethulwa kwezinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile kuthuthukise ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngo-30% futhi kunciphisa izingozi zokukhiqiza ezibangelwa amaphutha okusebenza kwabantu ngo-80%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lungaphinde lunikeze ukuxilongwa kwamaphutha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nesixwayiso semishini, luhlele ukulungiswa kusenesikhathi, lwandise impilo yesevisi yemishini, futhi lunciphise izindleko zokulungisa.

(2) Izinqubo ezintsha kanye nemishini kuletha amathuba amasha

Abacwaningi bahlala behlola futhi bethuthukisa izinqubo ezintsha zokubumba eziqhubekayo kanye nemishini, befaka amandla amasha ekukhiqizweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokubumba obuqhubekayo be-slab encane kwenza ukukhiqizwa kwamaphepha ensimbi ayigugu kube ngcono futhi konge amandla.

Ukukhiqizwa kwendabuko kwamapuleti amancane kudinga izinqubo eziningi zokugoqa, kuyilapho ukuphotha okuqhubekayo kwe-slab encane kungakhiqiza ngqo ukuphotha okuncane, kunciphisa ama-rolling passes futhi kwehlise izindleko zokukhiqiza ngo-15% -20%. Imishini emisha efana nemishini yokuphotha okuqhubekayo enamasondo nayo ithuthuka njalo futhi ithuthuka, inikeza izinkampani zensimbi eyigugu izinketho zobuchwepheshe futhi iqhubekisela phambili imboni ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu.