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Isihloko: Ukuqonda Ukubaluleka Kokuncibilikisa Izingxube Zensimbi kuIsithando se-Vacuum Induction Melting

Inqubo yokuncibilikisa idlala indima ebalulekile lapho kukhiqizwa ama-alloys ensimbi ekhwalithi ephezulu. Ukuncibilika kuhilela ukukhipha izinsimbi ku-ore nokudala ama-alloys ngokuhlanganisa izakhi ezihlukahlukene zensimbi. Enye yezindlela ezithuthuke kakhulu zokuncibilikisa ama-alloys ensimbi ukusetshenziswa kweziko lokuncibilika kwe-vacuum induction melting (VIM). Lobu buchwepheshe obusha bunikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okwenza kube ithuluzi elibalulekile lokukhiqiza ama-alloys ensimbi ahlukahlukene.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinhlobo zama-alloys ensimbi okudingeka zincibilikiswe ku-aisithando somlilo esincibilikisa i-vacuum induction? Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izici eziyingqayizivele zesithando somlilo se-VIM kanye nezidingo ezithile zama-alloys ensimbi ahlukene.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kokusebenza endaweni ye-vacuum lapho kuncibilika ama-alloys athile ensimbi. Ukugcina igumbi le-vacuum lingenawo umoya nokunye ukungcola kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe i-oxidation nokungcola ngesikhathi sokuncibilika. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-alloys asebenza kakhulu noma ajwayele ukwakheka kwe-oxide lapho evezwe emoyeni.

Olunye uhlobo lwe-alloy yensimbi oluzuzayo ngokuncibilikiswa esithandweni sokuncibilika se-vacuum induction ama-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu. Lezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe zaziwa ngamandla azo angavamile, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okuzenza zibaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana ne-aerospace, ukukhiqiza amandla nokucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali. Ama-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu ngokuvamile aqukethe inhlanganisela ye-nickel, i-cobalt, insimbi nezinye izakhi, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwawo kudinga ukulawulwa okunembile kwenqubo yokuncibilika ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo ziyafinyelelwa. Ngokusebenzisa isithando somlilo se-VIM, abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukususa ukungcola ngokuphumelelayo futhi balondoloze ubuqotho be-alloy, okuholela ezintweni eziphakeme zemishini nezokushisa.

Ngokungeziwe kuma-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu, ezinye izinsimbi ezikhethekile zidinga futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezithando zokuncibilikisa ze-vacuum induction zokuncibilikisa. Isibonelo, insimbi engagqwali yaziwa ngokumelana nokugqwala nokungcola, okwenza kube ukukhetha okudumile kwezicelo ezimbonini zokudla neziphuzo, ezithaka imithi namakhemikhali. Ukuncibilika kwensimbi engagqwali endaweni yevacuum kusiza ukunciphisa ukuba khona kokungcola okuyingozi njengesulfure ne-phosphorus, okungafaka engcupheni ukumelana nokugqwala kwempahla. Ngenxa yalokho, insimbi engagqwali eqediwe inokuhlanzeka okuphezulu nokusebenza, ihlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene zezimboni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhakha ye-aerospace neyokuvikela ithembele ekukhiqizweni kwe-titanium alloys, ehlinzeka ngezilinganiso ezinhle kakhulu zamandla nesisindo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuvelele. Ukuncibilikisa amaalloyi e-titanium ezithandweni zokuncibilikisa zokungeniswa kwevacuum kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu nokufana okudingekayo ezingxenyeni ze-aerospace njengezinjini zezindiza nezinto zesakhiwo. Amandla okulawula ukwakheka kanye ne-microstructure ye-titanium alloys ngobuchwepheshe be-VIM iqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlangabezana namazinga okusebenza aqinile nokuthembeka ezindaweni ezidinga i-aerospace.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zibonelo ezithile, amanye ama-alloys ensimbi amaningi, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi zamathuluzi, izinsimbi ezinesivinini esikhulu, nama-alloys kazibuthe, angazuza ekunembeni nasekuhlanzekeni okunikezwa ukuncibilika kwesithando somlilo esincibilikisa i-vacuum. Amandla okwenza inqubo yokuncibilika ihambisane nezidingo eziyingqayizivele zengxubevange ngayinye ivumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bahlale bekhiqiza izinto ezinemishini edingekayo, ezishisayo namakhemikhali ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zezimboni ezihlukahlukene.

Kafushane, ukuncibilika kwama-alloys ensimbi ezithandweni zokuncibilikisa ze-vacuum induction kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe amazinga aphezulu okuhlanzeka, ukufana nokulawula okudingekayo ezintweni ezithuthukisiwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ama-superalloy okusetshenziswa kwezinga lokushisa elidlulele, insimbi engagqwali yezingxenye ezimelana nokugqwala, noma ingxubevange ye-titanium ye-aerospace nezinhlelo zokuzivikela, amakhono obuchwepheshe be-VIM adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo eziqinile zemboni yesimanje . Ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kokuncibilika endaweni ye-vacuum kanye nezidingo ezithile zama-alloys ensimbi ahlukene, abakhiqizi bangasebenzisa ngokugcwele amandla eziko le-VIM ukuze bakhiqize izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu eziqhuba ukuqamba nokuthuthuka emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.