Izindaba

Ezweni lokukhiqiza elishintshashintshayo, imboni yensimbi iyinsika yengqalasizinda yesimanje kanye nentuthuko. Njengoba isidingo sensimbi emhlabeni wonke siqhubeka nokukhula, abakhiqizi baphendukela kakhulu kubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze bandise ukusebenza kahle, banciphise izindleko futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Phakathi kwalezi zintuthuko, i-Continuous Casting Machine (CCM) ivele njengoshintsho olukhulu, yaguqula inqubo yokukhiqiza insimbi futhi yabeka amazinga amasha embonini.

Qondaumshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo

Ukuphonswa okuqhubekayo kuyinqubo eguqula ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ibe umkhiqizo wensimbi eqinile ngaphandle kwesidingo sezindlela zendabuko zokuphonswa kwe-ingot. Ama-casters aqhubekayo adlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo, ephonswa insimbi encibilikisiwe ngqo ezimeni eziqediwe njenge-slabs, izimbali kanye nama-billets. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza kodwa futhi inciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokungcola kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

Inqubo yokubumba eqhubekayo iqala ngokuncibilikisa izinto zokusetshenziswa esithandweni sikagesi se-arc noma ku-oxygen converter. Uma insimbi isifinyelele izinga lokushisa elifunekayo kanye nokwakheka kwayo, ithululelwa ku-tundish, esebenza njengethangi lokubamba lokufaka insimbi encibilikisiwe esikhumbeni sokubumba. Isikhunta sivame ukupholiswa ngamanzi, okuvumela ungqimba lwangaphandle lwensimbi ukuthi luqine kuyilapho ingxenye yangaphakathi ihlala incibilikisiwe. Njengoba insimbi iqina, isuswa njalo esikhumbeni, yingakho igama layo libizwa ngokuthi “ukubumba okuqhubekayo.”

Izinzuzo zomshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo

Ukwethulwa kwama-caster aqhubekayo kulethe izinzuzo eziningi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwensimbi okuguquliwe:

1. Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle

Imishini yokuphonsa eqhubekayo isebenza kahle kakhulu kunezindlela zokuphonsa zendabuko. Ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi futhi kwandisa umkhiqizo. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kubalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nesidingo esikhulayo somhlaba wonke sensimbi, njengoba abakhiqizi bengakhiqiza insimbi eningi ngesikhathi esincane.

2. Thuthukisa ikhwalithi

Inqubo yokubumba eqhubekayo yenza isakhiwo esincane kanye nokwakheka kwensimbi kufane kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumelana kuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini ezifana namandla kanye nokuguquguquka, okwenza umkhiqizo wokugcina uthembeke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunciphisa ukuthintana kwensimbi encibilikisiwe nomoya kunganciphisa ingozi yokungcola futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

3. Nciphisa imfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo

Izindlela zokusakaza zendabuko zivame ukuholela ekuchithekeni okukhulu kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngenxa yesidingo sokusika nokulungisa kabusha i-ingot. Imishini yokusakaza eqhubekayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhiqiza izimo eziseduze kwenethi ezidinga ukuqedwa okuncane. Ukunciphisa imfucuza akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza kodwa futhi kunegalelo emikhubeni yokukhiqiza esimeme kakhudlwana.

4. Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla

Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla kuyinkinga ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi, futhi ama-caster aqhubekayo ayixazulula ngempumelelo le nkinga. Ukuphonswa okuqhubekayo kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele ngokuqeda isidingo sezinyathelo zokucubungula eziphakathi njengokushisa kabusha nokuncibilikisa. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza kodwa futhi kuhambisana nemizamo yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuvela ekukhiqizeni.

5. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokuguquguquka

Ama-caster aqhubekayo esimanje aklanyelwe ukwamukela izinhlobo eziningi zezinsimbi kanye nosayizi womkhiqizo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi baphendule ngokushesha ezidingweni zemakethe ezishintshayo futhi benze ngezifiso imikhiqizo yabo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakhiqiza insimbi enamandla kakhulu yezimoto noma ama-alloy akhethekile okwakha, imishini yokusakaza eqhubekayo ihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo.

Umthelela embonini yensimbi

Ukwethulwa kwe-caster eqhubekayo kube nomthelela omkhulu embonini yensimbi, kwashintsha imikhuba yokukhiqiza futhi kwathuthukisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Njengoba abakhiqizi besebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, kuye kwavela izitayela eziningana ezinkulu:

1. Ukuzenzakalela kanye Nokwenza Idijithali

Ukuhlanganisa ukuzenzekela kanye nobuchwepheshe bedijithali enkambisweni yokusatshalaliswa okuqhubekayo kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi. Izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha zinikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela ngamaphethini okushisa, ukugeleza kanye nokuqina, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi bathuthukise imingcele yokukhiqiza. Leli zinga lokuzenzakalela aligcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuvumelana, kodwa futhi linciphisa nengozi yamaphutha abantu.

2. Izinhlelo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme

Njengoba kukhula ukukhathazeka mayelana nomthelela wemvelo, imboni yensimbi igxila kakhulu ekusimeni. I-caster eqhubekayo inegalelo kulo mzamo ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza namandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi bahlola izindlela zokufaka izinto ezisetshenzisiwe enkambisweni yokuphonswa okuqhubekayo ukuze banciphise kakhulu ukukhanyiswa kwekhabhoni.

3. Ukuncintisana komhlaba wonke

Njengoba amazwe emhlabeni wonke ezama ukuthuthukisa amakhono awo okukhiqiza, ukwamukelwa kwemishini yokubumba eqhubekayo sekuyinto ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuncintisana komhlaba wonke. Amazwe atshala imali kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokukhiqiza insimbi akwazi kangcono ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sasekhaya nesamazwe ngamazwe, aqhube ukukhula komnotho futhi adale imisebenzi.

4. Ucwaningo Nentuthuko

Inqubo yokubumba eqhubekayo iyindawo yocwaningo olusebenzayo kanye nentuthuko, enemizamo eqhubekayo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Kuhlolwa izinto ezintsha ezifana nemiklamo yesikhunta ethuthukisiwe, amasu okupholisa athuthukisiwe kanye nokwakheka okusha kwe-alloy ukuze kuthuthukiswe imikhawulo yokukhiqizwa kwensimbi.

Izinselele kanye namathemba esikhathi esizayo

Nakuba ama-coaster aqhubekayo eshintshe ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi, kusenezinselelo. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okudingekayo kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuphonsa okuqhubekayo kungaba yinto ebalulekile, okubeka isithiyo kwabanye abakhiqizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sabasebenzi abanamakhono abangaphatha futhi balondoloze lezi zinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi sibalulekile empumelelweni.

Uma sibheka esikhathini esizayo, ikusasa labasiki abaqhubekayo liqhakazile. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, abakhiqizi bangalindela ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe ekusebenzeni kahle, ikhwalithi kanye nokusimama. Ukuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokufunda komshini ezinqubweni zokusikisela okuqhubekayo kungaholela ekwenzeni ngcono okukhulu kanye namakhono okubikezela, okuvumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo kwemingcele yokukhiqiza.

Ekuphetheni

Akukho ukuphika lokhoabaphosti abaqhubekayozishintshe indlela yokukhiqiza insimbi, zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezandisa ukusebenza kahle, ikhwalithi kanye nokusimama. Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokukhula, ama-casters aqhubekayo azoba abaluleke kakhulu ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zomhlaba oshintsha ngokushesha. Ngokwamukela ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokutshala imali kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, abakhiqizi bangaphumelela emakethe yensimbi yomhlaba wonke encintisana kakhulu futhi baqinisekise ukuthi bahlala bephambili ekukhiqizeni kwesimanje.