Izindaba

Isihloko: Ukubaluleka Kwezithando Zokungenisa I-Vacuum Kuma-Smelting Alloys

Uma kuncibilikiswa ama-alloy, inqubo idinga ukunemba nokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo ezifiselekayo ziyafezwa. Isici esibalulekile sale nqubo ukusetshenziswa kwesithando sokungenisa i-vacuum. Lawa ma-oven adlala indima ebalulekile ekuncibilikiseni ama-alloy ahlukahlukene, ngalinye linezidingo zalo ezihlukile. Kule bhulogi, sizohlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-alloy okudingeka ancibilikiswe ku-isithando sokungenisa i-vacuumkanye nezizathu zesidingo sazo.

Enye yezinhlobo ze-alloy ezivame kakhulu ezincibilikiswa kusetshenziswa isithando sokungenisa i-vacuum yinsimbi engagqwali. Insimbi engagqwali iyinhlanganisela eguquguqukayo esetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, kusukela ezintweni zasekhishini kuya emishinini yezimboni. Inqubo yokuncibilikisa insimbi engagqwali idinga ukulawulwa okunembile kokwakheka kwe-alloy kanye nokususwa kokungcola okufana ne-carbon ne-sulfur. Izithando zokungenisa i-vacuum zinikeza indawo ekahle yokuncibilikisa insimbi engagqwali ngoba zingalawula ngokunembile izinga lokushisa kanye nomoya ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilikisa.

Enye ingxube ebalulekile encibilikisiwe kusetshenziswa isithando sokungenisa i-vacuum yi-platinum-rhodium alloy. Ingxube ye-platinum-rhodium yaziwa ngesilinganiso sayo samandla aphezulu kuya kwesisindo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, okwenza ibe yinto ebalulekile ezimbonini ezifana nezindiza kanye namadivayisi ezokwelapha. Ingxube ye-platinum-rhodium encibilikisiwe idinga ubumsulwa obukhulu ngoba ngisho nokungcola okuncane kungathinta kakhulu izakhiwo zayo. Izithando zokungenisa i-vacuum ziyakwazi ukudala indawo ehlanzekile kakhulu edingekayo ukuze kuncibilikisiwe ingxube ye-platinum-rhodium, okwenza zibe yinto ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni le ngxube eyigugu.

Embonini yezindiza, ama-superalloy adingeka kakhulu ngenxa yekhono lawo lokubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokucindezeleka kwemishini. Lawa ma-alloy asetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwama-turbine blades, izingxenye zenjini kanye nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zezindiza kanye nezindiza-mkhathi. Ukuncibilikisa ama-alloy okushisa okuphezulu njenge-Inconel ne-Hastelloy kudinga ukulawulwa okunembile kwezinqubo zokuncibilikisa nokuqina kanye nokususwa kokungcola. Ama-vacuum induction furnaces ahlinzeka ngezimo ezidingekayo zokuncibilikisa ama-alloy okushisa okuphezulu ukuze kukhiqizwe izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezisebenza kahle kakhulu zezicelo zezindiza.

Embonini yezimoto, ama-alloy e-aluminium asetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezilula nezimelana nokugqwala. Ama-alloy e-aluminium okuncibilikisa adinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kwezinqubo zokuncibilikisa nokukhipha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo ezifunwayo zemishini ziyafezwa. Ama-vacuum induction furnace ahlinzeka ngokulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile kanye nomoya odingekayo ukuze kuncibilikiswe ama-alloy e-aluminium, okubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izinto zezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Embonini yezokwelapha, ama-alloy ahambisana ne-biocompatible njenge-titanium alloys kanye ne-cobalt-chromium alloys asetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezinto ezifakwayo kanye namadivayisi ezokwelapha. Ukuncibilikisa la ma-alloy kudinga izinga eliphezulu lokuhlanzeka kanye nokulawula ukwakheka kwawo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokuhambisana ne-biocompatibility kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. Ama-vacuum induction furnaces ahlinzeka ngezimo ezidingekayo zokuncibilikisa ama-alloy ahambisana ne-biocompatible, okwenza abe abalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zezokwelapha.

Embonini ye-elekthronikhi, ama-alloy ethusi asetshenziselwa ukuqhutshwa kwawo kagesi kanye nezakhiwo zokushisa. Ukuncibilikisa ama-alloy ethusi kudinga ukulawulwa okunembile kokwakheka kanye nokususwa kokungcola ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kufezwa izakhiwo zikagesi nezemishini ezifiselekayo. Ama-vacuum induction furnace ahlinzeka ngendawo ekahle yokuncibilikisa ama-alloy ethusi ukuze kukhiqizwe izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokusetshenziswa kwe-elekthronikhi.

Ngamafuphi, izitofu zokungenisa umoya zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuncibilikisweni kwezingxube ezahlukahlukene, ngayinye inezidingo zayo ezihlukile. Kusukela ensimbi engagqwali kuya ku-titanium, kusukela ezingxubeni zokushisa okuphezulu kuya ku-aluminium alloys, kusukela ezingxubeni ezihambisanayo eziphilayo kuya ku-alloys zethusi, lezi zitofu zinikeza izimo ezidingekayo zokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zezimboni ezahlukene. Ukulawulwa kokushisa okunembile, umoya kanye nobumsulwa obutholakala ngokuncibilikiswa kokungenisa umoya kubalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo eziqinile zezingxube zanamuhla. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, indima yezitofu zokungenisa umoya ekuncibilikisweni kwe-alloy izoba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zezimboni ezahlukene.