Izindaba

Embonini yesimanje ephishekela ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukuphothwa okuqhubekayo kwezinto zensimbi kunquma ngqo uphahla lomkhiqizo wokugcina. Indlela yendabuko yokuphothwa okuqhubekayo yenziwa endaweni enomoya, futhi izinkinga ezifana nemikhiqizo yensimbi engaphelele nengahleliwe kunzima ukuzigwema, okuye kwaba yisithiyo esivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zensimbi zekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ngakho-ke, ingabe kukhona ubuchwepheshe obungasusa ngokuphelele lezi ziphambeko njengokuphonsa insimbi 'endaweni yesikhala'? Impendulo inguyebo - umshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo we-vacuum. Futhi insimu yokusebenzisa umshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo we-vacuum ibanzi kakhulu.

Kuyiniukuhlanza okuqhubekayo kokuphonswa kwe-vacuum?

Kalula nje, ukuphonswa okuqhubekayo kwe-vacuum kuyinqubo ethuthukisiwe efaka insimbi encibilikisiwe ku-crystallizer futhi ikhipha njalo i-billet yokuphonswa endaweni evalekile kakhulu. Ihlanganisa izinzuzo ezimbili ezinkulu "zokususa igesi nge-vacuum" kanye "nokubumba okuqhubekayo" kube yinto eyodwa:

Indawo yokuhlanza umoya: iqeda ngokuphelele ukusabela phakathi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe namagesi afana nomoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen, ne-hydrogen, inciphisa kakhulu ukugeleza kwe-porosity kanye nokufakwa kwe-oxide, futhi ithuthukisa ubumsulwa, ubuningi, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zensimbi.

Ukwakheka okuqhubekayo: Ithola ukukhiqizwa okungaphazanyiswa kusukela ensimbini ewuketshezi kuya ekubunjweni okuqinile, ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela, futhi ingathola nokubunjwa okude okungenamkhawulo okunesakhiwo esifanayo kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yobuso.

Kuphazamisa ziphi izimboni? Insimu Ebanzi Yokusebenzisa Yomshini Wokuphonsa Oqhubekayo We-Vacuum

Ukusetshenziswa kwale 'nto yobuciko' kudlulela ngale kwensimu yensimbi yendabuko, kufaka amandla amasha ochungechungeni lwezimboni zokukhiqiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

1. Ama-alloy akhethekile kanye nezindiza
Ukusetshenziswa: Lena yindawo yokulwa eyinhloko yemishini yokuphonsa eqhubekayo ye-vacuum. Isetshenziselwa ukuphonsa izinto ezinezidingo zobumsulwa obuphezulu kakhulu njenge-alloys yokushisa okuphezulu, i-alloys ye-titanium, kanye ne-alloys enembile. Lezi zinto zibalulekile ekukhiqizeni ama-blade enjini yezindiza, izingxenye zenjini yerokhethi, kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo sezindiza.
Inani: Amandla okukhathala aphezulu kakhulu kanye nokuqina kokushisa okuphezulu kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwendiza ezindaweni ezibucayi.

2. Izifakelo zezokwelapha ezisezingeni eliphezulu
Isicelo: Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-billet ensimbi ahambisana ne-biocompatible njenge-alloys yezokwelapha ye-titanium (njenge-Ti-6Al-4V) kanye ne-alloys ye-chromium ye-cobalt.
Inani: I-billet ehlanganisiwe ihlanzekile futhi ayinazo izinto ezingcolile, igwema ukugqwala noma ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba kwezinto ezifakiwe emzimbeni womuntu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini zihambisana kakhulu namathambo abantu, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kokukhiqiza amalunga okwenziwa, izinto ezifakiwe zamazinyo, kanye nezikulufo ze-bone plate.

3. Ama-semiconductor kanye nolwazi lwe-elekthronikhi
Ukusetshenziswa: Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zokuqhuba eziphezulu ezifana nethusi elingenawo umoya-mpilo, ithusi elihlanzekile kakhulu, kanye nethusi eli-deoxidized phosphorus. Lezi zinto ziyisisekelo sokukhiqiza iziqhumane ze-silicon single crystal growth furnace ze-semiconductor, ozimele be-lead, kanye nezinhloso zokubhoboza.
Inani: Okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen okuphansi kakhulu kanye nokuqhuba okuphezulu kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwensimu yokushisa kanye nokusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa kwamanje ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza ama-chip, okuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kanye nokukhiqiza kwe-chip.

4. Ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha
Isicelo: Izikhungo ezinkulu zocwaningo kanye nama-laboratory ezinto ezibonakalayo zisebenzisa imishini emincane yokubumba eqhubekayo ye-vacuum ukuthuthukisa amafomula amasha e-alloy, ukutadisha izinqubo zokuqinisa, kanye nokwenza ukukhiqizwa kwesilingo esincane.
Inani: Kuhlinzekwe indlela ebalulekile yokulungiselela “isinyathelo sokuqala” sezinto ezintsha kusukela elabhorethri kuya ekwakhiweni kwezimboni, kwasheshiswa ukuvela kwezinto ezintsha.

Ingabe konke kungadalwa? Yimaphi amamodeli angakwaziumshini wokukhipha okuqhubekayo wokwenza umshini wokukhipha?

“Imodeli” yomshini wokuphotha oqhubekayo we-vacuum ayibhekiseli kumathoyizi noma ezifanekisweni, kodwa kunalokho ibhekisela efomini lomkhiqizo oyinhloko okhiqizwa ngqo yiwo, okungukuthi, i-billet yokucubungula okujulile okulandelayo. Ngokwesimo nendlela yokudweba ye-crystallizer, ingakhiqiza “amamodeli” ahlukahlukene:

1. Induku/I-Ingot Eyindilinga
Incazelo: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, olunesigaba esiyindilinga.
Ukucubungula okulandelayo: Kungacutshungulwa kabanzi kube izingxenye zomgodi, amadiski e-turbine, imikhiqizo yebha, njll. ngokusebenzisa ukubumba, ukugoqa, ukujika, nezinye izindlela.

2. I-billet eyisikwele/i-ingot eyisicaba
Incazelo: Ingxenye ephambeneyo iyisikwele noma ingunxande.
Ukucubungula okulandelayo: okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukugoqa amapuleti, imichilo, nama-foil, kuyisisekelo sezikhumba zezindiza, amabhodi ezokwelapha, kanye nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.

3. I-billet yepayipi
Incazelo: Ama-tube billets angenalutho adonswa ngqo futhi aphonswe ngokusebenzisa ama-crystallizer aklanywe ngokukhethekile.
Ukucubungula okulandelayo: Kungasetshenziswa ekugoqeni okubandayo okulandelayo kanye nokudonsa okubandayo ukuze kukhiqizwe amapayipi angenamthungo anembile, asetshenziswa emikhakheni efana namadivayisi ezokwelapha (njengezimbobo ze-vascular stent), imboni yenuzi, kanye nokuthuthwa koketshezi okukhethekile.

4. Amaphrofayili enziwe ngokwezifiso
Incazelo: Yenza ngokwezifiso ama-crystallizer anezimo ezithile ezinqamula ngokwezidingo zamakhasimende, ukuze usakaze ama-billet aseduze nesimo somkhiqizo wokugcina ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukucubungula okulandelayo: Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu inani lokucubungula okulandelayo kwemishini, konga izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi kufanelekile ekukhiqizweni okukhulu kwemikhiqizo enezingxenye ezithile, njengephrofayili, izikhala zesitimela esiqondisayo, njll.

Umshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo we-vacuum awuseyona imishini ebiza kakhulu engatholakali, kodwa ungomunye wemishini eyinhloko eqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza ephezulu. Uvikela ubumsulwa bezinsimbi nge-“vacuum” futhi uchaza ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo “ngokuqhubeka”. Ekufuneni kwanamuhla ukusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo okuphezulu, ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe bokuphonsa oqhubekayo we-vacuum kusho ukukhetha ikhwalithi ethembeke kakhudlwana, ukusebenza okuphezulu, kanye nekusasa elincintisana kakhudlwana.
Uma abanye besakhathazwa yizinkinga ezibonakalayo, usuvele usungakha owakho umgoqo wezobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi esisodwa.