Izindaba

Emkhakheni wokucubungula insimbi yesimanje, imishini ehlukahlukene yemishini ethuthukisiwe iyaqhubeka nokuvela, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Phakathi kwayo, umshini wokugoqa ophindwe kabili wegolide, isiliva nethusi usube yiparele elikhazimulayo embonini yokucubungula insimbi ngomklamo wayo oyingqayizivele kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ukuthi yiniigolide lesiliva lethusi eliphindwe kabili eligoqa umshini wokugayakanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo, okubonisa isikhundla sayo esibalulekile emkhakheni wokucubungula insimbi.

igolide lesiliva lethusi eliphindwe kabili eligoqa umshini wokugaya

1、 Incazelo kanye nokwakhiwa kweGolide, iSiliva kanye neCopper Double Head Rolling Mill

(I-1965)1）Incazelo

I-rolling mill yegolide, isiliva, kanye nethusi iyimishini ekhethekile yemishini esetshenziselwa ukucubungula izinto zensimbi ezifana negolide, isiliva, kanye nethusi. Inemigoqo emibili yokugoqa engagoqa izinto zensimbi ngasikhathi sinye, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Lolu hlobo lwe-rolling mill luvame ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokulawula ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezingxenye zemishini ezinembayo ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwenqubo yokugoqa kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

(I-1965)2）Ukwakhiwa

①Uhlelo lokugoqa

Ingxenye eyinhloko yesigayo sokugoqa esinezinhlangothi ezimbili segolide, isiliva, kanye nethusi uhlelo lokugaya olugoqayo, oluqukethe izigayo ezimbili zokugoqa. Ama-roller avame ukwenziwa ngensimbi enamandla kakhulu futhi aphathwe ngendlela ekhethekile yokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ububanzi nobude besigayo sokugoqa buxhomeke ezidingweni ezahlukene zokucubungula. Ngokuvamile, uma ububanzi bukhulu, amandla okugoqa aba makhulu, futhi kukhulu kakhulu izinto zensimbi ezingacutshungulwa.

②uhlelo lokushayela

Uhlelo lokudlulisa luyisici esibalulekile esiqhuba ukujikeleza komshini wokugoqa. Ngokuvamile lwakhiwe ngama-motor, ama-reducer, ama-coupling, njll. Le moto inikeza amandla, ancishiswa ngesivinini futhi akhuliswe i-torque nge-reducer, bese edluliselwa kumshini wokugoqa nge-coupling. Ukusebenza kohlelo lokudlulisa kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo womshini wokugoqa.

③Uhlelo lokulawula

Uhlelo lokulawula luyingqondo yesigayo sokugoqa esinezinhlangothi ezimbili segolide, isiliva, nethusi, esinomthwalo wokulawula izingxenye ezahlukene zesigayo sokugoqa nokufeza ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo. Uhlelo lokulawula luvame ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-PLC noma be-DCS, obungafinyelela ukulawula okunembile kwamapharamitha afana nesivinini sokugoqa, amandla okugoqa, kanye negebe lokugoqa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokulawula lungaphinde lufinyelele imisebenzi yokuxilongwa kwamaphutha kanye ne-alamu, kuthuthukiswe ukuthembeka nokuphepha kwesigayo sokugoqa.

④imishini yokusiza

Ngaphezu kwezingxenye eziyinhloko okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, umshini wokugoqa wesiliva wegolide wesiliva ophindwe kabili unemishini ethile yokusiza, njengedivayisi yokondla, idivayisi yokukhipha, uhlelo lokupholisa, uhlelo lokugcoba, njll. Idivayisi yokondla inesibopho sokondla izinto zensimbi phakathi kwama-roller, kuyilapho idivayisi yokukhipha ithumela izinto zensimbi ezigoqiwe ngaphandle komshini wokugoqa. Uhlelo lokupholisa lusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa lomshini wokugoqa nezinto zensimbi ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nomonakalo. Uhlelo lokugcoba lusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwama-roller nama-bearings, kwandise impilo yesevisi yemishini.

2、 Isimiso sokusebenza segolide, isiliva nethusi eligoqa amakhanda amabili

Umgomo osebenzayo womshini wokugoqa ophindwe kabili wegolide, isiliva, kanye nethusi ukusebenzisa ingcindezi phakathi kwama-roller amabili ukuze kuthambe futhi kwandiswe izinto zensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe umgomo wokushintsha ukuma nosayizi wezinto zensimbi. Ngokukhethekile, lapho izinto zensimbi zingena phakathi kwama-roller ngedivayisi yokondla, ama-roller ajikeleza ngaphansi kokushayela kohlelo lokudlulisa, afaka ingcindezi ezintweni zensimbi. Izinto zensimbi zishintshashintsha ngepulasitiki ngaphansi kwesenzo sama-roller, ngokuncipha kancane kancane kobukhulu kanye nokwanda kobude. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokujikeleza kwama-roller, izinto zensimbi zihamba phambili njalo phakathi kwama-roller futhi ekugcineni zithunyelwa ngaphandle komshini wokugoqa kusuka kudivayisi yokukhipha.

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoqa, uhlelo lokulawula luzolungisa isivinini, amandla okugoqa, igebe lokugoqa kanye nezinye izinhlaka ze-rolling mill ngesikhathi sangempela ngokwemigomo esethiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwenqubo yokugoqa kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Isibonelo, lapho ubukhulu bezinto zensimbi bushintsha, uhlelo lokulawula luzolungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo igebe lokugoqa ukuze lugcine ingcindezi yokugoqa engaguquki. Lapho amandla okugoqa ephezulu kakhulu, uhlelo lokulawula luzonciphisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isivinini semoto ukuvimbela umonakalo wokulayisha ngokweqile kwemishini.

3、 Ukusetshenziswa kwegolide, isiliva nethusi eliyi-double head rolling mill

(I-1965)1）Ukucutshungulwa kweshidi lensimbi

①Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi encane

I-rolling mill yegolide, isiliva, kanye nethusi ingagingqa izinto zensimbi ezifana negolide, isiliva, kanye nethusi zibe amashidi amancane anobukhulu obufanayo. Lawa mashidi amancane asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni efana ne-elekthronikhi, izinto zikagesi, izinsimbi, izindiza, njll. Isibonelo, embonini ye-elekthronikhi, amashidi amancane ethusi angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe; Emkhakheni wezindiza, amashidi amancane e-titanium angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izingxenye zezindiza kanye nenjini.

②Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ewugqinsi oluphakathi nendawo

Ngaphezu kwamashidi amancane, umshini wokugoqa wesiliva wesiliva ophindwe kabili we-rolling mill ungakhiqiza namashidi anobukhulu obuphakathi. Lawa mashidi anobukhulu obuphakathi avame ukusetshenziswa emikhakheni efana nokwakha, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, kanye nobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, emkhakheni wokwakha, amashidi ensimbi anobukhulu obuphakathi angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi; Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza imishini, amashidi e-aluminium anobukhulu obuphakathi angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amabhokisi enjini yezimoto kanye nezingxenye zezindiza.

(I-1965)2）Ukucutshungulwa kwensimbi

①Ucingo lokudonsa

I-rolling mill yegolide, isiliva, kanye nethusi ingasetshenziswa kanye nemishini yokudweba ukukhiqiza imininingwane ehlukahlukene yezintambo zensimbi. Okokuqala, izinto zensimbi zigoqwa zibe yizingodo zobukhulu obuthile, bese izingodo zidonswa zibe yizintambo kusetshenziswa imishini yokudweba. Intambo ekhiqizwa yile ndlela inobuso obubushelelezi kanye nokunemba okuphezulu, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni efana nezintambo nezintambo, i-wire mesh yensimbi, iziphethu, njll.

②Ukukhiqizwa kwezinduku zensimbi ezingajwayelekile

Ngaphezu kwentambo eyindilinga, umshini wokugoqa wegolide wesiliva wesiliva ophindwe kabili ungakhiqiza nentambo ehlukahlukene enobunjwa, njengesikwele, unxande, unxande, njll. Lezi zintambo ezingajwayelekile zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezikhethekile zemishini kanye nemisebenzi yezandla. Isibonelo, intambo yethusi eyisikwele ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ama-motor windings; intambo yensimbi engunxande ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amabhawodi namantongomane.

(I-1965)3）Ukucutshungulwa kwamapayipi ensimbi

①Ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi angenamthungo

I-rolling mill yegolide, isiliva nethusi ingasetshenziswa kanye nemishini yokubhoboza kanye nemishini yokunweba ukukhiqiza amapayipi angenamthungo. Okokuqala, izinto zensimbi zigoqwa zibe yizingodo eziyindilinga, bese zibhobozwa phakathi kwezingodo kusetshenziswa idivayisi yokubhoboza ukuze kwakhiwe ithubhu elingenalutho elingenalutho. Okulandelayo, welula i-billet ngedivayisi yokunweba ukuze kufinyelelwe ububanzi obufunekayo kanye nobukhulu bodonga. Amapayipi angenamthungo akhiqizwa ngale ndlela anekhwalithi ephezulu namandla, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni efana ne-petroleum, amakhemikhali, kanye negesi yemvelo.

②Ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi ahlanganisiwe

Ngaphezu kwamapayipi angenamthungo, umshini wokugoqa wegolide wesiliva ophindwe kabili ungakhiqiza namapayipi ahlanganisiwe. Okokuqala, izinto zensimbi zigoqwa zibe ucezu lwensimbi eshidi, bese insimbi eshidi igoqwa ibe yishubhu kusetshenziswa imishini yokugoqa. Okulandelayo, imithungo yamapayipi ihlanganiswa ndawonye kusetshenziswa imishini yokugoqa ukuze kwakhiwe amapayipi ahlanganisiwe. Le ndlela ikhiqiza amapayipi ahlanganisiwe anezindleko eziphansi kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni efana nokwakha, ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi, umoya, njll.

(I-1965)4）Okunye ukusetshenziswa

Ukwelashwa kwendawo yezinto zensimbi

I-rolling mill yegolide, isiliva nethusi ingenza ukwelashwa kwendawo ezintweni zensimbi, njengokuqopha, ukufaka amamaki, ukupholisha, njll. Lokhu kwelashwa kwendawo kungathuthukisa ubuhle kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwezinto zensimbi, futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlobiseni, ekwakheni, efenisha, nakweminye imikhakha.

Ukucutshungulwa kwezinto zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe

Isigayo sokugoqa esinekhanda eliphindwe kabili segolide, isiliva, nethusi singasetshenziswa kanye neminye imishini yokucubungula izinto zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe. Isibonelo, izinto ezimbili zensimbi ezahlukene zingahlanganiswa ndawonye ngokugoqa ukuze kwakhiwe amashidi noma amapayipi ahlanganisiwe. Lokhu kucubungula okuhlanganisiwe kungasebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo zezinto zensimbi ezahlukene, kuthuthukise ukusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nempilo yesevisi.

Isiphetho

Njengemishini yokucubungula insimbi ethuthukisiwe,igolide lesiliva lethusi eliphindwe kabili eligoqa umshini wokugayainomklamo oyingqayizivele kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ingagingqa izinto zensimbi ezifana negolide, isiliva, nethusi zibe yizimo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zamasimu ahlukene. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nesidingo semakethe esikhulayo, umshini wokugingqa ithusi wegolide wesiliva ophindwe kabili uzodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wokucubungula insimbi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sibheke phambili ekuveleni kobuchwepheshe bokugingqa obuthuthukisiwe kakhulu esikhathini esizayo, obuzoletha amathuba amakhulu entuthuko embonini yokucubungula insimbi.

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