Izindaba

Esimeni sokukhiqiza esithuthukayo, imboni yensimbi iyisisekelo sengqalasizinda yesimanje kanye nentuthuko. Njengoba isidingo sensimbi emhlabeni wonke siqhubeka sikhula, abakhiqizi baya ngokuya bephendukela kubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze bandise ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa izindleko nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Phakathi kwalezi ntuthuko, Umshini Wokusakaza Oqhubekayo (CCM) uqhamuke njengoshintsho, uguqule inqubo yokukhiqiza insimbi nokubeka amazinga amasha embonini.

Qonda iumshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo

Ukusakaza okuqhubekayo kuyinqubo eguqula ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ibe umkhiqizo wensimbi eqinile ngaphandle kwesidingo sezindlela zokuphonsa ze-ingot zendabuko. Ama-caster aqhubekayo adlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo, ephonsa insimbi encibilikisiwe ngokuqondile emimoyeni ecishe iqedwe njengama-slabs, ama-blooms nama-billet. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza ayigcini nje ngokwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza kodwa futhi inciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokumoshakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

Inqubo yokuphonsa eqhubekayo iqala ngokuncibilikisa impahla eluhlaza esithandweni somlilo se-arc kagesi noma isiguquli se-oxygen. Uma insimbi ifinyelela izinga lokushisa elifunekayo nokwakheka, ithululelwa ku-tundish, esebenza njengethangi lokubamba lokuphakela insimbi encibilikisiwe esikhunjini sokubunjwa. Isikhunta sivamise ukupholiswa ngamanzi, okuvumela ungqimba lwangaphandle lwensimbi ukuba luqine kuyilapho ingxenye engaphakathi ihlala incibilikile. Njengoba insimbi iqina, ikhishwa ngokuqhubekayo esikhunjeni, yingakho igama elithi “ukubunjwa okuqhubekayo.”

Izinzuzo zomshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo

Ukwethulwa kwama-casters aqhubekayo kwaletha izinzuzo eziningi kanye nokuguqulwa kokukhiqizwa kwensimbi:

1. Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle

Imishini yokusakaza eqhubekayo isebenza ngokuphumelelayo kunezindlela zokusakaza zendabuko. Ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula futhi kukhulisa ukukhiqiza. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kubalulekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo sensimbi emhlabeni wonke, njengoba abakhiqizi bengakwazi ukukhiqiza izinsimbi eziningi ngesikhathi esincane.

2. Thuthukisa izinga

Inqubo yokuphonsa eqhubekayo yenza i-microstructure nokubunjwa kwensimbi kufane kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumelana kuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini ezinjengamandla kanye ne-ductility, okwenza umkhiqizo wokugcina uthembeke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunciphisa ukuthintana kwensimbi encibilikisiwe nomkhathi kunganciphisa ubungozi bokungcola futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

3. Yehlisa ukumosha izinto

Izindlela zokulingisa ezijwayelekile zivame ukuholela ekumoshweni kwempahla ebalulekile ngenxa yesidingo sokusika nokusebenza kabusha ingot. Imishini yokusakaza eqhubekayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhiqiza izimo eziseduze nenetha ezidinga ukuqedwa okuncane. Ukwehliswa kukadoti akunciphisi nje kuphela izindleko zokukhiqiza kodwa futhi kufaka isandla emikhubeni yokukhiqiza esimeme.

4. Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla

Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kuyindaba eyinhloko ekukhiqizeni insimbi, futhi ama-casters aqhubekayo axazulula le nkinga ngempumelelo. Ukusakaza okuqhubekayo kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele ngokususa isidingo sezinyathelo zokucubungula ezimaphakathi ezifana nokushisisa kabusha nokuncibilika. Lokhu akunciphisi kuphela izindleko zokusebenza kodwa futhi kuhambisana nemizamo yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni evela ekukhiqizeni.

5. Ukuguquguquka nokuguquguquka

Ama-caster aqhubekayo esimanje aklanyelwe ukuhlalisa amamaki amaningi ensimbi namasayizi omkhiqizo. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi baphendule ngokushesha ezidingweni ezishintshayo zemakethe futhi benze imikhiqizo yabo ngendlela oyifisayo. Ukuthi ikhiqiza insimbi enamandla amakhulu ezimotweni noma ama-alloys akhethekile okwakhiwa, imishini yokuphonsa eqhubekayo ihlangabezana nazo zonke izimfuneko.

Umthelela embonini yensimbi

Ukwethulwa kwe-caster eqhubekayo kube nomthelela omkhulu embonini yensimbi, ukubunjwa kabusha kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nokushayela okusha. Njengoba abakhiqizi besebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, kuye kwavela izitayela eziningana ezinkulu:

1. I-Automation kanye ne-Digitization

Ukuhlanganisa i-automation kanye nobuchwepheshe bedijithali enqubweni yokusakaza eqhubekayo kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nekhwalithi. Izinzwa ezithuthukile nezinhlelo zokuqapha zinikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela mayelana nezinga lokushisa, ukugeleza namaphethini okuqinisa, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi balungiselele amapharamitha okukhiqiza. Leli zinga le-automation aligcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukungaguquguquki, liphinde linciphise ingozi yephutha lomuntu.

2. Izinyathelo Zokuthuthuka Esimeme

Ngokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nomthelela wemvelo, imboni yensimbi igxila kakhulu ekusimameni. I-caster eqhubekayo ifaka isandla kulo mzamo ngokunciphisa ukuchithwa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi bahlola izindlela zokufaka izinto ezigaywe kabusha enqubweni eqhubekayo yokuphonsa ukuze baqhubeke nokunciphisa i-carbon footprint yabo.

3. Ukuncintisana komhlaba wonke

Njengoba amazwe emhlabeni wonke elwela ukuthuthukisa amakhono awo okukhiqiza, ukwamukelwa kwemishini eqhubekayo yokuphonsa sekuyisici esibalulekile ekugcineni ukuncintisana komhlaba wonke. Amazwe atshala imali kutheknoloji ethuthukisiwe yokukhiqiza insimbi akwazi kangcono ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sasekhaya nesamazwe ngamazwe, aqhubekisele phambili ukukhula komnotho futhi adale amathuba emisebenzi.

4. Ucwaningo Nentuthuko

Iinqubo yokusakaza eqhubekayoiyindawo yocwaningo nentuthuko esebenzayo, ngemizamo eqhubekayo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa izindleko nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukuqamba okusha okufana nemiklamo yesikhunta ethuthukisiwe, amasu okupholisa athuthukisiwe kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kwengxubevange kuyacutshungulwa ukuze kuqhutshwe imikhawulo yokukhiqizwa kwensimbi.

Izinselelo namathemba esikhathi esizayo

Nakuba ama-casters aqhubekayo eguqule ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi, izinselele zisekhona. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okudingekayo kubuchwepheshe bokusakaza obuqhubekayo obuthuthukisiwe kungaba okubalulekile, kubeke umgoqo kwabanye abakhiqizi. Ukwengeza, isidingo sabasebenzi abanamakhono abangaphatha futhi bagcine lezi zinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi sibalulekile empumelelweni.

Uma sibheka ikusasa, ikusasa labalingisi abaqhubekayo liqhakazile. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, abakhiqizi bangalindela ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe ekusebenzeni kahle, ikhwalithi kanye nokusimama. Ukuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini kuzinqubo zokusakaza eziqhubekayo kungase kuholele ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu namandla okuqagela, okuvumela ukulungiswa okusebenzayo kwamapharamitha wokukhiqiza.

Ekuphetheni

Akunakuphikwa ukuthi ama-casters aqhubekayo ashintshile indawo yokukhiqiza insimbi, enikeza uhla lwezinzuzo ezikhulisa ukusebenza kahle, ikhwalithi nokusimama. Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, abalingiswa abaqhubekayo bazobaluleke kakhulu ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zomhlaba oshintsha ngokushesha. Ngokwamukela ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokutshala imali kubuchwepheshe obuphambili, abakhiqizi bangaphumelela emakethe yensimbi yomhlaba wonke enokuncintisana kakhulu futhi baqinisekise ukuthi bahlala behamba phambili ekukhiqizeni kwesimanje.