Izindaba

1、Isingeniso

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemboni yesimanje, izidingo zekhwalithi nokusebenza kwezinto zensimbi ziya ngokuya ziphakama. Njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi nezinsimbi ezingezona insimbi, izinga lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuphonsa okuqhubekayo lithinta ngqo ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwezinto zensimbi. Ubuchwepheshe bokuphonsa okuqhubekayo kwe-vacuum busekelwe kubuchwepheshe bendabuko bokuphonsa okuqhubekayo, obubeka isikhunta endaweni ye-vacuum ukuze kuphonswe. Bunezinzuzo ezibalulekile njengokunciphisa okuqukethwe yigesi ensimbini encibilikisiwe, ukunciphisa ukufakwa, kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-billet yokukhipha. Ukulawula ngokunembile ukugeleza kwensimbi endaweni ye-vacuum kuyisihluthulelo sokufeza ikhwalithi ephezulu.ukuphonswa okuqhubekayo kwe-vacuum.

2、Ukubuka Konke Kobuchwepheshe Bokuphonsa Okuqhubekayo Kwe-Vacuum

(I-1965)1）Isimiso sokuphonswa okuqhubekayo kwe-vacuum

Ukuphonswa okuqhubekayo kwe-vacuum kuyinqubo yokufaka insimbi encibilikisiwe ku-crystallizer endaweni ye-vacuum bese kwakheka i-billet epholishiwe ngokupholisa nokuqina. Endaweni ye-vacuum, ukuncibilika kwamagesi ensimbi encibilikisiwe kuyancipha, okwenza kube lula ngamagesi ukuphuma, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe amaphutha afana nokugoba kwe-billet epholishiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo ye-vacuum inganciphisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe nomoya, futhi inciphise ukukhiqizwa kwe-oxidation kanye nokufakwa.

(I-1965)2）Izici zokukhishwa okuqhubekayo kwe-vacuum

Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezinto ezifakwayo: ukunciphisa amaphutha afana nama-pores kanye nezinto ezifakiwe, kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuningi kanye nobumsulwa bezinto ezifakwayo.

Ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo sokuqina kwezinsimbi: kuzuzisa ekucwengisiseni usayizi wokusanhlamvu kanye nokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini zezinsimbi.

Nciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza: Nciphisa izinyathelo zokucubungula ezilandelayo futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

3、Ithonya Lendawo Yokuhlanza I-Vacuum Ekugelezeni Koketshezi Lwensimbi

(I-1965)1）Ukuncipha kokuncibilika kwegesi

Endaweni engenagesi, ukuncibilika kwamagesi ensimbini encibilikisiwe kuncipha kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ngamagesi ukuphuma futhi akhe amabhamuza. Uma amabhamuza engenakukwazi ukukhishwa ngesikhathi, kuzokwakheka amaphutha afana nezimbobo zomoya ekubunjweni, okuthinta ikhwalithi yokubunjwa.

(I-1965)2）Ukwehluka kokucindezeleka komphezulu

Indawo yokuphuma komoya izoshintsha ukucindezeleka kobuso boketshezi lwensimbi, kuthinte isimo sokugeleza kanye nenqubo yokuqina koketshezi lwensimbi ku-crystallizer. Ushintsho ekucindezelekeni kobuso lungaholela ekushintsheni kokumanzi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, kuthinte isimo sokuxhumana phakathi kwe-billet ehlanganisiwe nodonga lwe-crystallizer.

(I-1965)3）Ukumelana nokugeleza okuncishisiwe

Endaweni engenamoya, ukumelana komoya nokugeleza kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kuyancipha, futhi ijubane lensimbi encibilikisiwe liyakhula. Lokhu kudinga ukulawulwa okunembe kakhudlwana kokugeleza kwensimbi ukuze kuvinjelwe izenzakalo ezifana nokuxokozela kanye nokuchaphaza.

4、Imishini ebalulekile kanye nezindlela zobuchwepheshe zokulawula ngokunembile ukugeleza kwensimbi emshinini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo we-vacuum

(I-1965)1）I-Crystallizer

Umsebenzi we-crystallizer

I-Crystallizer iyisici esiyinhloko somshini wokupholisha oqhubekayo we-vacuum, omsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukupholisa nokuqinisa insimbi encibilikisiwe kuwo ukuze kwakhiwe i-cast billet. Ukuma nosayizi we-crystallizer kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi kanye nokunemba kobukhulu be-cast billet.

Izidingo zomklamo we-crystallizer

Ukuze kufezwe ukulawulwa okunembile kokugeleza kwensimbi, ukwakheka kwe-crystallizer kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:

(1) Ukushisa okuhle: kukwazi ukudlulisa ngokushesha ukushisa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, okuqinisekisa isivinini sokupholisa se-billet ehlanganisiwe.

(2) I-taper efanele: I-taper ye-crystallizer kufanele yakhelwe ngokusekelwe ezicini zokuncishiswa kwe-casting ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okuhle phakathi kwe-casting nodonga lwe-crystallizer, nokuvimbela izenzakalo ezifana nokudonsa nokuvuza.

(3) Ukulawulwa kwezinga loketshezi oluzinzile: Ngamadivayisi okuthola nokulawula izinga loketshezi olunembile, izinga loketshezi lwensimbi ku-crystallizer liyagcinwa, okuqinisekisa ukufana kwekhwalithi yokukhipha.

(I-1965)2）Uhlelo lwenduku

Umsebenzi wepulagi

Isivalo siyinto ebalulekile esetshenziswa ukulawula izinga lokugeleza kanye nesivinini sensimbi encibilikisiwe esingena ku-crystallizer. Ngokulungisa indawo yesivalo, ubukhulu kanye nesivinini sokugeleza kwensimbi kungalawulwa ngokunembile.

Isimiso sokulawula sohlelo lwe-plunger

Uhlelo lwenduku yokuxhuma luvame ukuba nenduku yokuxhuma, indlela yokushayela, kanye nohlelo lokulawula. Uhlelo lokulawula lulungisa indawo yenduku yokuxhuma ngokusebenzisa indlela yokushayela ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zenqubo kanye nezimpawu zokuthola izinga loketshezi, okufeza ukulawula okunembile kokugeleza koketshezi lwensimbi.

(I-1965)3）Ukuxubana kwe-electromagnetic

Umgomo wokuxuba ngogesi

Ukuvuselela nge-electromagnetic ukusetshenziswa komgomo wokungeniswa nge-electromagnetic ukukhiqiza insimu kazibuthe ejikelezayo ensimbini ewuketshezi, okubangela ukunyakaza kokuvuselela ensimbini ewuketshezi. Ukuvuselela nge-electromagnetic kungathuthukisa isimo sokugeleza kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, kukhuthaze ukuntanta kwezinto ezifakiwe kanye nokuphuma kwamagesi, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokukhipha.

Izinhlobo kanye Nezicelo Zokushukumisa Ama-Electromagnetic

Ukuxuba i-electromagnetic kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ezifana nokuxuba i-crystallizer electromagnetic, ukuxuba i-secondary cooling zone electromagnetic, kanye nokuxuba i-solidification end electromagnetic. Ngokwezidingo ezahlukene zenqubo kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi yokukhipha, izinhlobo ezifanele zokuxuba i-electromagnetic zingakhethwa ukuze zisetshenziswe.

(I-1965)4）Uhlelo lokuthola nokulawula izinga loketshezi

Indlela yokuthola izinga loketshezi

Ukutholwa kwezinga loketshezi kungenye yezixhumanisi ezibalulekile zokufeza ukulawulwa okunembile kokugeleza koketshezi lwensimbi. Izindlela zokutholwa kwezinga loketshezi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka phakathi ukutholwa kwe-isotope enemisebe, ukutholwa kwe-ultrasonic, ukutholwa kwe-laser, njll. Lezi zindlela zokutholwa zinezinzuzo zokunemba okuphezulu kanye nesivinini sokuphendula okusheshayo, futhi zingaqapha izinguquko ezingeni lensimbi yoketshezi ku-crystallizer ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ukwakheka kanye nomgomo wokusebenza kohlelo lokulawula amazinga oketshezi

Uhlelo lokulawula izinga loketshezi luvame ukuba nezinzwa zezinga loketshezi, izilawuli, kanye nama-actuator. Inzwa yezinga loketshezi idlulisela isignali yezinga loketshezi elitholiwe kumlawuli. Isilawuli silungisa indawo ye-plunger noma amanye amapharamitha okulawula nge-actuator ngokuya ngezidingo zenqubo kanye namanani asethiwe, kufezwe ukulawula okuzinzile kwezinga loketshezi lwensimbi.

5、Ukwenza ngcono inqubo yokulawula okunembile kokugeleza kwensimbi emshinini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo we-vacuum

(I-1965)1）Lungiselela amapharamitha okuthulula

Izinga lokushisa lokuthela: Ukulawula okunengqondo kwezinga lokushisa lokuthela kungaqinisekisa ukugeleza kanye nekhono lokugcwalisa uketshezi lwensimbi, kuyilapho kugwenywa izinga lokushisa elidlulele elingabangela ukubola kanye nokumuncwa koketshezi lwensimbi.

Isivinini sokuthela: Khetha isivinini sokuthela esifanele ngokusekelwe kusayizi kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi ye-billet yokuphonsa. Isivinini sokuthela ngokweqile singabangela ukugeleza kwensimbi okungazinzile, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni nasekuchithekeni; Isivinini sokuthela esihamba kancane kakhulu sizothinta ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

(I-1965)2）Thuthukisa uhlelo lokupholisa lwe-crystallizer

Ukulawulwa kwesilinganiso sokugeleza kwamanzi okupholisa kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza: Ngokusekelwe ezicini zokuqina kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi ye-billet yokuphonsa, izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi okupholisa kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza kwe-crystallizer kufanele kulawulwe ngokufanele ukuqinisekisa ijubane lokupholisa kanye nokufana kwe-billet yokuphonsa.

Ukukhetha izindlela zokupholisa: Izindlela ezahlukene zokupholisa njengokupholisa amanzi kanye nokupholisa nge-aerosol zingasetshenziswa, futhi ukukhetha kanye nokwenza ngcono kungasuselwa ezimweni ezithile.

(I-1965)3）Ukulawulwa ngokubambisana kohlelo lokuxubha nge-electromagnetic kanye ne-plug rod

Ukuthuthukisa amapharamitha okuxuba kagesi: Ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zekhwalithi kanye nezici zenqubo yesikhala esingenalutho sokukhipha, lungisa imvamisa, amandla, kanye nendlela yokuxuba yokuxuba kagesi ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele umsebenzi wayo.

Ukulawulwa ngokubambisana kwesistimu yepulaki kanye nokuxubana kwe-electromagnetic: Ngesu lokulawula elifanele, umsebenzi wokubambisana wesistimu yepulaki kanye nokuxubana kwe-electromagnetic ungafezwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kokugeleza kwensimbi kanye nekhwalithi yokuxuba.

6、Isiphetho

Ukulawulwa okunembile kokugeleza kwensimbi endaweni engenamuntu yi-aumshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo we-vacuumkuyisihluthulelo sokufeza ukukhiqizwa kwe-billet esezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa imishini ebalulekile nezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezifana nama-crystallizer, izinhlelo zokumisa, ukuxuba ngogesi, ukutholwa kwezinga loketshezi kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula, kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo, ukulawulwa okunembile kokugeleza kwensimbi kungafezwa ngempumelelo. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe bokuphonsa ngokuqhubekayo nge-vacuum buzoqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha futhi buthuthuke, buhlinzeke ngokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe okuthembekile nokuphumelelayo ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zensimbi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sidinga futhi ukubhekana nezinselele ezifana nobunzima obukhulu bobuchwepheshe, izindleko eziphezulu, kanye nokuntuleka kwamakhono, futhi sikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuphonsa ngokuqhubekayo ngemizamo eqhubekayo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.