Izindaba

Ekukhiqizeni insimbi, ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi kubaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo eqediwe kancane, i-caster eqhubekayo ubuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle kakhulu. Lobu buchwepheshe obusha bushintshe indlela insimbi ecutshungulwa ngayo, buhlinzeka ngezinzuzo eziningi ezihlangabezana nezidingo zemboni yanamuhla.

Funda mayelanaukuphonsa okuqhubekayo

Ukuphonswa okuqhubekayo kuyinqubo lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe iqina khona ibe yi-slab eqhubekayo, bese isikwa ibe ubude obufunekayo. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo eqediwe kancane njenge-billets, izimbali kanye nama-slabs, okuyizinto eziyisisekelo zokucubungula okuqhubekayo embonini yokukhiqiza. Ama-caster aqhubekayo adlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo, evumela ukuguquka okungenamthungo kusuka kuketshezi kuya esimweni esiqinile ngenkathi kugcinwa ubuqotho kanye nekhwalithi yensimbi.

Izinzuzo zomshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo

1. Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle

Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-caster eqhubekayo ukusebenza kwayo kahle. Izindlela zokuphonsa zendabuko zivame ukuhilela izinyathelo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuthulula, ukupholisa kanye nokuqinisa, okudla isikhathi futhi okukhathazayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuphonsa okuqhubekayo kwenza inqubo ibe lula ngokuvumela inani elikhulu lensimbi ukuthi likhiqizwe ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza kodwa futhi kunciphisa nezindleko zomsebenzi, okwenza kube inketho engabizi kakhulu kubakhiqizi.

2. Thuthukisa ikhwalithi

Inqubo yokubumba eqhubekayo yenzelwe ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu eqediwe kancane eneziphambeko ezincane. Indawo elawulwayo ye-caster iqinisekisa ukupholisa nokuqina okufanayo, okusiza ekuqedeni izinkinga ezifana nokuhlukaniswa kanye nokugoba. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhiqizo wokugcina ubonisa izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, okwenza ufaneleke ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ezimbonini ezifana nezimoto, izindiza kanye nokwakha.

3. Ukuguquguquka Kokukhiqiza

Ama-caster aqhubekayo ayasebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi futhi angakha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsimbi, okuhlanganisa insimbi, i-aluminium kanye nethusi. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kwenza abakhiqizi bakwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene eqediwe ngokuphelele efanela izidingo ezithile zemboni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakhiqiza ama-slab amancane epuleti noma ama-billet aqinile okwakha, ama-caster aqhubekayo angalungiswa ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.

4. Nciphisa imfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo

Enye inzuzo yokuphotha okuqhubekayo yikhono lokunciphisa imfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo. Izindlela zokuphotha zendabuko zivame ukuphumela enanini elikhulu lezinsalela ngenxa yezinqubo ezengeziwe zomshini nokuqeda ezidingekayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuphotha okuqhubekayo kukhiqiza imikhiqizo eqediwe kancane eseduze nobukhulu bokugcina obufunwayo, okunciphisa isidingo sokucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokusindisa izinto zokusetshenziswa kodwa futhi kunegalelo enqubweni yokukhiqiza esimeme kakhudlwana.

5. Ukuzenzakalela Nokulawula

Yesimanjeimishini yokusakaza eqhubekayozihlonyiswe ngezinhlelo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokulawula ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle. Lezi zinhlelo ziqapha imingcele ehlukahlukene efana nokushisa, ukugeleza kanye namazinga okupholisa ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze zenze izinguquko ezinembile ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha. Leli zinga lokulawula aligcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kodwa futhi linciphisa amathuba okuba namaphutha abantu, okwenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuphonswa okuqhubekayo

Ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle kwama-constant casters kuholele ekwamukelweni kwawo kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, embonini yensimbi, i-continuous casting iyindlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza ama-billet ensimbi, abese ecutshungulwa abe amashidi, amapuleti, neminye imikhiqizo. Ngokufanayo, embonini ye-aluminium, i-continuous casting isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-billet akhishwa kamuva abe yizimo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhakha yezimoto kanye neyezindiza nayo izuze kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokubumba okuqhubekayo. Imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu eqediwe ekhiqizwa ngale ndlela ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni izingxenye ezidinga amandla nokuqina okumangalisayo. Kusukela ezingxenyeni zenjini kuya ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo, ukubumba okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi abakhiqizi bathola izinto ezinokwethenjelwa ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zemboni.

Ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bokuphonsa okuqhubekayo

Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokukhula, nobuchwepheshe obusekela imishini yokusakaza eqhubekayo buyakhula. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwisayensi yezinto zokwakha, ukuzenzakalela kanye nokulawula inqubo kuvula indlela yokusebenza kahle kanye namakhono amakhulu. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokufunda komshini enkambisweni yokusakaza eqhubekayo kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukise ukulungiswa kokubikezela, kuthuthukise ukuhlela kokukhiqiza, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ukuzinza kuba yinto ebalulekile kubakhiqizi, kuklanywa ama-caster aqhubekayo kucatshangelwa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokunciphisa imfucuza, le mishini ayigcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza kwesimanje, kodwa futhi inegalelo ekusaseni elizinzile.

Ekuphetheni

Ngamafuphi, imishini yokuphonsa eqhubekayo ngokungangabazeki iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo eqediwe ngokuphelele embonini yokukhiqiza insimbi. Izinzuzo zayo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle okwandisiwe, ikhwalithi ethuthukisiwe, ukuguquguquka, ukuncipha kwemfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela okuthuthukisiwe, kwenza kube ukukhetha kokuqala kwabakhiqizi emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, inqubo yokuphonsa eqhubekayo izodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni ikusasa lokukhiqizwa kwensimbi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimboni zifinyelela izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezihlangabezana nezidingo zazo ezishintshayo.