Granulating Systems
Amasistimu okugaya abuye abizwe ngokuthi “abadubuli”, aklanywa futhi asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izimbumbulu zezinhlamvu, amashidi, amapheshana ensimbi noma izinsimbi ezilahliwe zibe izinhlamvu ezifanele. Amathangi e-granulating kulula kakhulu ukuwasusa ukuze asuswe. Isibambo sokudonsa ukuze kukhishwe kalula okokufaka ithangi. Izinto ozikhethela zona zomshini wokukhipha umfutho we-vacuum noma umshini wokuphonsa oqhubekayo onethangi le-granulating iyisixazululo sokuhlanganisa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi. Amathangi e-granulating ayatholakala kuyo yonke imishini ochungechungeni lwe-VPC. Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-granulating systems lufakwe ithangi elinamasondo amane ahamba kalula ngaphandle nangaphakathi.
Iyini imbudumbudu yensimbi?
Imbudumbudu (kusuka kusiLatini: igranum = “okusanhlamvu”) kuyindlela yomkhandi wegolide lapho ingaphezulu letshe eliyigugu lihlotshiswa ngezimbulunga ezincane zensimbi eyigugu, okuthiwa ama-granules, ngokuya ngephethini yokuklama. Ukutholwa kwezinto zakudala zakudala zamatshe ayigugu enziwe ngale ndlela kwatholakala emathuneni asebukhosini base-Uri, eMesopotamiya futhi kubuyela emuva ku-2500 BC Ukusuka kule ndawo, le nqubo yasakazekela e-Anatolia, eSiriya, eTroy (2100 BC) futhi ekugcineni e-Etruria. (ngekhulu lesi-8 BC). Kwaba ukushabalala kancane kancane kwesiko lama-Etruria phakathi kwekhulu lesithathu nelesibili BC okwabangela ukwehla kwegranulation.1 AmaGreki asendulo ayesebenzisa umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa, kodwa yizingcweti zase-Etruria ezaduma ngale ndlela ngenxa ukuthunyelwa kwabo okungaqondakali kwe-powder granulation2 ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okubonakalayo kwe-solder eqinile.
I-granulation cishe iyona engaqondakali kakhulu futhi ethakazelisayo yamasu okuhlobisa asendulo. Ethulwa izingcweti uFenici noGreci e-Etruria ngekhulu lesi-8 BC, lapho ulwazi lwensimbi nokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi eziyigugu kwase kusezingeni eliphezulu, uchwepheshe wabakhandi begolide base-Etruscan benza le nqubo yaba eyabo ukuze benze imisebenzi yobuciko eyinkimbinkimbi nobuhle obungenakulinganiswa.
Phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yeminyaka yawo-1800 ukumba okuningana kwenziwa endaweni yase-Rome (i-Cerveteri, i-Toscanella ne-Vulci) kanye ne-Southern Russia (i-Kertch ne-Taman peninsulas) okwaveza ubucwebe basendulo base-Etruscan kanye nesiGreki. Lawa matshe ayigugu ayehlotshiswe nge-granulation. Ubucwebe bafika ekunakekeleni koMndeni wakwaCastellani wabahlobisi ababehileleke kakhulu ocwaningweni lwasendulo lobucwebe. Okutholwe ezindaweni zokungcwaba zase-Etruscan kudonse ukunakwa okukhulu ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwawo ama-granules amahle kakhulu. U-Alessandro Castellani wafunda lawa ma-artifact ngokuningiliziwe ukuze azame ukudalula indlela yawo yokwenza. Kwaze kwaba ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngemva kokufa kukaCastellani, lapho indida ye-colloidal/eutectic soldering yagcina ixazululiwe.
Nakuba imfihlo yahlala iyimpicabadala kwabakwaCastellanis nakubantu besikhathi sabo, ubucwebe base-Etruscan obusanda kutholwa babangela imvuselelo yobucwebe bemivubukulo cishe ngawo-1850. Kwatholakala izindlela zokwenziwa kwegolide ezavumela u-Castellani nabanye ukuba bakhiqize kabusha ngokwethembeka obunye ubucwebe basendulo obuhle kakhulu obake bambiwa. Eziningi zalezi zindlela zazihluke kakhulu kulezo ezaziqashwe ama-Etruscans nokho zazisenemiphumela ephumelelayo. Iningi lalezi zinto zobucwebe be-Archaeological Revival manje seliqoqweni elibalulekile lobucwebe emhlabeni wonke, kanye nozakwabo basendulo.
IZITHOMBE
Ama-granules enziwe nge-alloy efanayo nensimbi azosetshenziswa kuyo. Enye indlela iqala ngokukhipha ishidi lensimbi elincanyana kakhulu nokusika imiphetho emincane kakhulu onqenqemeni. Umphetho uyasikwa futhi umphumela uba izikwele eziningi ezincane noma ama-platelet ensimbi. Enye indlela yokwenza okusanhlamvu isebenzisa intambo encane kakhulu eboshwe ezungeze i-mandrel encane, njengenaliti. Ikhoyili ibe isisikwa ibe ama-jump rings amancane kakhulu. Lokhu kudala izindandatho ezilingana kakhulu eziholela kuma-granules anosayizi olinganayo. Umgomo uwukwakha izinhlaka eziningi ezinosayizi ofanayo ezinobubanzi obungekho ngaphezu kuka-1 mm.
Ama-platelet ensimbi noma ama-jump rings ambozwe ngempushana yamalahle ukuze avinjwe ukuthi anganamathelani ngesikhathi sokudubula. Iphansi le-crucible limbozwe ungqimba lwamalahle futhi izingcezu zensimbi zifafazwa ngakho ukuze zihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kulandelwa ungqimba olusha lwempushana yamalahle nezinye izingcezu zensimbi kuze kube yilapho i-crucible isigcwele izingxenye ezintathu kwezine. I-crucible ixoshwa kuhhavini noma kuhhavini, futhi izingcezu zensimbi eziyigugu zijika zibe yizimbulunga ezincane ekushiseni okuncibilika kwe-alloy yazo. Lezi zinhlayiya ezisanda kwakhiwa zishiywa ukuze zipholile. Kamuva zihlanzwa emanzini noma, uma kuzosetshenziswa indlela yokuhlanganisa, zifakwe emanzini anosawoti.
Ama-granules osayizi abangalingani ngeke akhiqize umklamo ojabulisayo. Njengoba kungenakwenzeka ngomkhandi wegolide ukudala ama-sphere afane ngokuphelele anobubanzi obufana ncamashi, ama-granules kufanele ahlungwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Uchungechunge lwezisefo lusetshenziselwa ukuhlunga ama-granules.
Ulenza kanjani isibhamu segolide?
Ingabe inqubo yokwenza igolide idubula ivele ithulule igolide elincibilikisiwe kancane kancane emanzini ngemva kokulishisa? Noma wenza konke ngesikhathi esisodwa? Whats the purpose of making gold shot instead of ingots ect.
Ukudubula kwegolide akudalwa ukuthululwa kusuka emlonyeni wesitsha. Kufanele ikhishwe nge-nozzle. Ungenza elula ngokubhoboza imbobo encane (1/8") ngaphansi kwesitsha esincibilikayo, ebesizobe sigxunyekwa phezu kwesitsha sakho samanzi, kube nethoshi elidlala esitsheni, lizungeze umgodi. Lokho kuvimbela igolide ekuqandisweni endishini lapho lidluliswa lisuka esitsheni esincibilika kuso impushana yegolide encibilika ngenxa yezizathu ebezilokhu zilukhuni kimina ukuziqonda, ezidala ukudubuleka, esikhundleni sama-cornflakes.
Ukudubula kukhethwa yilabo abasebenzisa igolide, ngoba kwenza ukukala inani elifunekayo kube lula. Abakhandi begolide abahlakaniphile abalincibilikisi igolide eliningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngaphandle kwalokho kungaholela ekubunjweni okunesici (ukufakwa kwegesi).
Ngokuncibilikisa inani elidingekayo kuphela, inani elincane elisele (i-sprue) lingancibilika ngenqwaba elandelayo, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igolide eliphinde lancibilika aliqoqi.
Inkinga ngokuncibilika kwegolide izikhathi eziningi ukuthi isisekelo sensimbi (imvamisa yethusi, kodwa engagcini nje ngethusi) siyayixuba futhi siqale ukudala igesi enqwabelana emaphaketheni amancane ekubunjweni. Iningi lawo wonke ama-jeweler owenza ukulingisa uke waba nalolo lwazi, futhi uvame ukulandisa ukuthi kungani engafuni, noma engancameli ukusebenzisa igolide elike lasetshenziswa ngaphambilini.