Umshini Wokumisa Amanzi Ompuphu Wensimbi Oyi-100 – Umshini Wokumisa Amanzi Ompuphu Wensimbi Oyi-400
Amapharamitha Obuchwepheshe
| Inombolo Yemodeli | I-HS-MGA5 | I-HS-MGA10 | I-HS-MGA30 | I-HS-MGA50 | I-HS-MGA100 |
| I-voltage | 380V Izigaba ezi-3, 50/60Hz | ||||
| Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi | 15KW | 30KW | 30KW/50KW | 60KW | |
| Umthamo (Au) | 5kg | 10kg | 30kg | 50kg | 100kg |
| Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. | 1600°C/2200°C | ||||
| Isikhathi sokuncibilika | Imizuzu emi-3-5. | 5-8 imizuzu. | 5-8 imizuzu. | Imizuzu engu-6-10. | Imizuzu eyi-15-20. |
| Izinhlayiya zezinhlayiya (i-Mesh) | 200#-300#-400# | ||||
| Ukunemba Kwezinga Lokushisa | ±1°C | ||||
| Iphampu Yokushaja I-Vacuum | Iphampu yokuvaleka yezinga eliphezulu ye-vacuum degree ephezulu | ||||
| Uhlelo lwe-Ultrasonic | Uhlelo lokulawula uhlelo lwe-Ultrasonic olusezingeni eliphezulu | ||||
| Indlela yokusebenza | Umsebenzi oyisihluthulelo esisodwa ukuqedela yonke inqubo, uhlelo lwe-POKA YOKE olungenaphutha | ||||
| Uhlelo Lokulawula | I-Mitsubishi PLC + isikhombikubona somuntu-umshini uhlelo lokulawula oluhlakaniphile | ||||
| Igesi engasebenzi | I-nitrogen/Argon | ||||
| Uhlobo lokupholisa | I-Water filler (Ithengiswa ngokwehlukana) | ||||
| Ubukhulu | cishe 3575*3500*4160mm | ||||
| Isisindo | cishe 2150kg | cishe 3000kg | |||
Indlela yokugaya i-atomization inqubo entsha ethuthukiswe embonini ye-powder metallurgy eminyakeni yamuva nje. Inezinzuzo zenqubo elula, ubuchwepheshe obulula ukubusebenzisa, izinto ezilukhuni ukuzikhipha, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela.
1. Inqubo ethile ukuthi ngemva kokuba ingxubevange (insimbi) incibilikisiwe futhi icwengisiswe esithandweni sokungenisa, uketshezi lwensimbi oluncibilikisiwe luthululelwa endaweni yokugcina ukushisa bese lungena epayipini lokuqondisa kanye ne-nozzle. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukugeleza kokuncibilika kuvinjelwa ukugeleza koketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu (noma ukugeleza kwegesi). I-atomized kanye ne-atomized metal powder iyaqina futhi ihlale embhoshongweni we-atomization, bese iwela ethangini lokuqoqa i-powder ukuze iqoqwe futhi ihlukaniswe. Isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokwenza i-non-ferrous metal powder efana ne-atomized iron powder, i-copper powder, i-stainless steel powder kanye ne-alloy powder. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bamasethi aphelele emishini ye-iron powder, imishini ye-copper powder, imishini ye-silver powder kanye nemishini ye-alloy powder bukhula ngokuvuthwa.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kanye nesimiso semishini yokugaya i-atomization yamanzi, imishini yokugaya i-atomization yamanzi iyithuluzi elenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nokukhiqizwa kwenqubo yokugaya i-atomization yamanzi ngaphansi kwezimo zomkhathi, futhi iyithuluzi lokukhiqiza ngobuningi elithuthukisiwe. Isimiso sokusebenza semishini yokugaya i-atomization yamanzi sibhekisela ekuncibilikisweni kwensimbi noma i-alloy yensimbi ngaphansi kwezimo zomkhathi. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuvikelwa kwegesi, uketshezi lwensimbi lugeleza nge-tundish yokushisa kanye nepayipi lokuphambukisa, kanti amanzi anomfutho ophezulu kakhulu ageleza nge-nozzle. Uketshezi lwensimbi luyahlukaniswa futhi luhlukaniswe lube inani elikhulu lamaconsi ensimbi amahle, kanti amaconsi amancane akha izinhlayiya ezingaphansi kwe-spherical noma ezingajwayelekile ngaphansi kwesenzo esihlangene sokucindezeleka kobuso kanye nokupholisa okusheshayo kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokundiza ukuze kufezwe injongo yokugaya.
3. Imishini yokugaya i-atomization yamanzi inezici ezilandelayo: 1. Ingalungisa iningi lensimbi kanye ne-alloy powder yayo, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi. 2. I-subspherical powder noma i-powder engajwayelekile ingalungiswa. 3. Ngenxa yokuqina okusheshayo kanye nokungahlukani, kungalungiswa izimpushana eziningi ezikhethekile ze-alloy. 4. Ngokulungisa inqubo efanele, usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-powder ungafinyelela ibanga elidingekayo.
4. Isakhiwo semishini yokugaya i-atomization yamanzi Isakhiwo semishini yokugaya i-atomization yamanzi siqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo: ukuncibilikisa, uhlelo lwe-tundish, uhlelo lwe-atomization, uhlelo lokuvikela igesi elingasebenzi, uhlelo lwamanzi olunomfutho ophezulu kakhulu, ukuqoqwa kwempuphu, uhlelo lokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokomisa, uhlelo lokuhlola, uhlelo lwamanzi okupholisa, uhlelo lokulawula lwe-PLC, uhlelo lwepulatifomu, njll. 1. Uhlelo lokuncibilikisa kanye ne-tundish: Eqinisweni, luyisithando sokuncibilikisa esiphakathi nendawo, esakhiwa yi: igobolondo, ikhoyili yokungenisa, idivayisi yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa, idivayisi yesithando sokuthambekela, i-tundish nezinye izingxenye: igobolondo liyisakhiwo sohlaka, esiyikhabhoni. Senziwe ngensimbi nensimbi engagqwali, kufakwa ikhoyili yokungenisa phakathi, bese kufakwa i-crucible kukhoyili yokungenisa, engancibilikiswa futhi ithululwe. I-tundish ifakwe ohlelweni lwe-nozzle, olusetshenziselwa ukugcina uketshezi lwensimbi encibilikisiwe, futhi inomsebenzi wokulondoloza ukushisa. Incane kune-crucible yesistimu yokuncibilikisa. Isithando sokubamba i-tundish sinesistimu yaso yokushisa kanye nesistimu yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa. Uhlelo lokushisa lwesithando somlilo esibambayo lunezindlela ezimbili: ukushisa kokumelana nokushisa kokungenisa. Izinga lokushisa lokushisa lokumelana ngokuvamile lingafinyelela ku-1000 ℃, kanti izinga lokushisa lokushisa lokungenisa lingafinyelela ku-1200 ℃ noma ngaphezulu, kodwa izinto ezibanjiswayo kufanele zikhethwe ngokufanele. 2. Uhlelo lwe-Atomization: Uhlelo lwe-atomization luqukethe ama-nozzle, amapayipi amanzi anomfutho ophezulu, ama-valve, njll. 3. Uhlelo lokuvikela igesi elingasebenzi: Enqubweni yokugaya, ukuze kuncishiswe ukubola kwezinsimbi nama-alloy futhi kuncishiswe okuqukethwe yi-oxygen yempuphu, inani elithile legesi elingasebenzi livame ukufakwa embhoshongweni we-atomization ukuze kuvikelwe umoya. 4. Uhlelo lwamanzi olunomfutho ophezulu kakhulu: Lolu hlelo luyidivayisi enikeza amanzi anomfutho ophezulu ukuze kufakwe ama-nozzle. Luqukethe amaphampu amanzi anomfutho ophezulu, amathangi amanzi, ama-valve, amapayipi anomfutho ophezulu kanye nama-busbar. 5. Uhlelo lokupholisa: Lonke idivayisi lifakwe ukupholisa amanzi, futhi uhlelo lokupholisa lubalulekile. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi okupholisa lizobonakala ethuluzini lesibili ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwedivayisi. 6. Uhlelo Lokulawula: Uhlelo lokulawula luyisikhungo sokulawula ukusebenza kwedivayisi. Yonke imisebenzi kanye nedatha ehlobene idluliselwa ku-PLC yesistimu, futhi imiphumela iyacutshungulwa, ilondolozwe futhi iboniswe ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi.
Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini yobungcweti yokulungiselela izinto ezintsha zempuphu, ukuhlinzeka ngezixazululo zobungcweti zochungechunge lokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezintsha zempuphu ezithuthukisiwe, ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela impuphu eyindilinga enamalungelo obunikazi azimele / ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela impuphu eyindilinga neyisicaba / ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela impuphu yestrip / ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela impuphu ye-flake, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulungiselela impuphu ye-ultrafine/nano, ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela impuphu ehlanzekile kakhulu yamakhemikhali.
Inqubo Yokwenza Impuphu Yensimbi Ngokusebenzisa I-Atomization Yamanzi Imishini Yokupompa
Inqubo yokwenza i-powder yensimbi ngokusebenzisa i-atomization yamanzi imishini yokugaya inomlando omude. Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu bathela insimbi encibilikisiwe emanzini ukuze iqhume ibe yizinhlayiya zensimbi ezincane, ezazisetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenza insimbi; kuze kube manje, kusenabantu abathela i-lead encibilikisiwe ngqo emanzini ukuze benze ama-pellets e-lead. . Besebenzisa indlela ye-atomization yamanzi ukwenza i-powder ye-alloy eqinile, isimiso senqubo sifana noketshezi lwensimbi oluqhuma amanzi okukhulunywe ngalo ngenhla, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kwe-pulverization kuthuthukiswe kakhulu.
Imishini yokugaya i-atomization yamanzi yenza i-aloy impuphu ecolekileyo. Okokuqala, igolide elicolekileyo liyancibilikiswa esithandweni. Uketshezi lwegolide elicolekileyo kumele lushiswe kakhulu ngama-degrees angaba ngu-50, bese luthululwa ku-tundish. Qala iphampu yamanzi enomfutho ophezulu ngaphambi kokuba uketshezi lwegolide lufakwe, bese uvumela idivayisi ye-atomization yamanzi enomfutho ophezulu iqale umsebenzi. Uketshezi lwegolide ku-tundish ludlula ngomqamelo bese lungena ku-atomizer nge-nozzle evuzayo phansi kwe-tundish. I-Atomizer iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokwenza i-aloy impuphu yegolide elicolekileyo nge-high-pressure water mist. Ikhwalithi ye-atomizer ihlobene nokusebenza kahle kokuchoboza kwe-metal powder. Ngaphansi kwesenzo samanzi anomfutho ophezulu avela ku-atomizer, uketshezi lwegolide luhlala luqhekeka lube amaconsi amancane, awela kuketshezi olupholile kudivayisi, futhi uketshezi luqina ngokushesha lube yi-alloy impuphu. Enqubweni yendabuko yokwenza i-metal impuphu nge-atomize impuphu yamanzi enomfutho ophezulu, i-metal impuphu ingaqoqwa njalo, kodwa kunesimo sokuthi inani elincane le-metal impuphu lilahleka ngamanzi anomfutho. Enkambisweni yokwenza i-alloy powder nge-high-pressure water atomization, umkhiqizo we-atomized ugxiliswa kudivayisi ye-atomization, ngemva kwemvula, ukuhlunga, (uma kudingeka, ungomiswa, ngokuvamile uthunyelwe ngqo enkambisweni elandelayo.), ukuze kutholakale i-Alloy powder encane, akukho ukulahleka kwe-alloy powder kuyo yonke inqubo.
Isethi ephelele yemishini yokugaya i-atomization yamanzi. Imishini yokwenza i-alloy powder iqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo:
Ingxenye yokuncibilikisa:Kungakhethwa isithando sokuncibilikisa insimbi esivame ukuba khona noma isithando sokuncibilikisa insimbi esivame ukuba khona kakhulu. Umthamo wesithando unqunywa ngokwevolumu yokucubungula yempuphu yensimbi, futhi isithando somlilo esingama-50 kg noma isithando somlilo esingama-20 kg singakhethwa.
Ingxenye ye-Atomization:Imishini ekule ngxenye iyimishini engeyona ejwayelekile, okufanele iklanywe futhi ihlelwe ngokwezimo zendawo yomenzi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-tundishes: lapho i-tundish ikhiqizwa ebusika, idinga ukushiswa; I-Atomizer: I-atomizer izovela ekucindezelweni okuphezulu Amanzi acindezelayo aphezulu epompo athinta uketshezi lwegolide oluvela ku-tundish ngesivinini esinqunyiwe kanye ne-engeli, aphule abe amaconsi ensimbi. Ngaphansi kokucindezela okufanayo kwepompo yamanzi, inani lempuphu yensimbi ecolekile ngemva kwe-atomization lihlobene nokusebenza kahle kwe-atomization kwe-atomizer; isilinda se-atomization: yindawo lapho impuphu ye-alloy i-atomized, ichotshoziwe, ipholisiwe futhi iqoqwe. Ukuze kuvinjelwe impuphu ye-alloy ecolekile kakhulu kumpuphu ye-alloy etholiwe ukuthi ilahleke ngamanzi, kufanele ishiywe isikhathi esithile ngemva kwe-atomization, bese ifakwa ebhokisini lokuqoqa impuphu.
Ingxenye yokucubungula ngemuva:ibhokisi lokuqoqa impuphu: elisetshenziselwa ukuqoqa impuphu ye-alloy eyenziwe nge-atom bese ihlukanisa futhi isuse amanzi angaphezulu; isithando sokomisa: yomisa impuphu ye-alloy emanzi ngamanzi; umshini wokuhlola: sefa impuphu ye-alloy, Ama-powder e-alloy aqinile angacaciswanga angaphinde ancibilikiswe futhi asetshenziswe njengezinto zokubuyisa.
Ubuchwepheshe Bokupompa Umoya We-Vacuum kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kwawo
Impuphu elungiselelwe nge-atomization yomoya we-vacuum inezinzuzo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, okuqukethwe okuphansi komoya-mpilo kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya zempuphu ecolekile. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokusungula izinto ezintsha nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, ubuchwepheshe bempuphu ye-atomization yomoya we-vacuum buthuthuke baba yindlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza izimpuphu zensimbi ne-alloy ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi sekuyisici esihamba phambili esisekela futhi sikhuthaza ucwaningo lwezinto ezintsha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha. Umhleli wethule isimiso, inqubo kanye nemishini yokugaya impuphu ye-atomization yomoya we-vacuum, futhi wahlaziya izinhlobo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwempuphu elungiselelwe nge-atomization yomoya we-vacuum.
Indlela yokwenza i-atomization iyindlela yokulungiselela i-powder lapho uketshezi oluhamba ngokushesha (i-atomizing medium) luthinta noma luphule ngenye indlela uketshezi lwensimbi noma lwe-alloy lube amaconsi amancane, abese ehlanganiswa abe yi-powder eqinile. Izinhlayiya ze-atomized powder azigcini nje ngokuba nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okufanayo okufanayo ne-alloy encibilikisiwe enikeziwe, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuqina okusheshayo kucwengisisa isakhiwo sekristalu futhi kuqede ukuhlukaniswa okukhulu kwesigaba sesibili. I-atomization medium esetshenziswa kakhulu ngamanzi noma i-ultrasonic, ebizwa ngokuthi i-water atomization kanye ne-gas atomization ngokufanele. Izimpushana zensimbi ezilungiselelwe nge-atomization yamanzi zinesivuno esikhulu kanye nesivuno esingabizi, futhi izinga lokupholisa liyashesha, kodwa izimpushana zine-oxygen ephezulu kanye ne-morphology engajwayelekile, ngokuvamile ama-flakes. I-powder elungiselelwe ngobuchwepheshe be-atomization ye-ultrasonic inosayizi omncane wezinhlayiya, i-sphericity ephezulu kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-oxygen, futhi isibe yindlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza izimpushana zensimbi eziyindilinga kanye ne-alloy ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa igesi nge-atomization ephezulu buhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-vacuum ephezulu, ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa ukushisa okuphezulu, ubuchwepheshe begesi nge-pressure ephezulu kanye nesivinini esikhulu, futhi bukhiqizwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-powder metallurgy, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwama-alloy asezingeni eliphezulu aqukethe izinto ezisebenzayo ze-powder. Ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa i-Ultrasonic / Gas atomization buwubuchwepheshe obusha bokuqinisa ngokushesha. Ngenxa yesilinganiso sokupholisa esiphezulu, i-powder inezici zokucwengisisa okusanhlamvu, ukwakheka okufanayo kanye nokuncibilika okuphezulu okuqinile.
Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ezingenhla, i-powder yensimbi ekhiqizwa ngokuncibilikisa i-vacuum i-atomization yegesi enomfutho ophezulu inezici ezintathu ezilandelayo: i-powder emsulwa, okuqukethwe okuphansi komoya-mpilo; isivuno esikhulu se-powder ecolekile; ukubukeka okuphezulu kwe-sphericity. Izinto zokwakha noma ezisebenzayo ezenziwe ngale mpuphu zinezinzuzo eziningi kunezinto ezivamile ngokwezakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali. I-powders ethuthukisiwe ifaka phakathi i-superalloy powder, i-thermal spray alloy powder, i-copper alloy powder kanye ne-stainless steel powder.
1 Inqubo yokugaya i-powder yomoya we-vacuum atomization kanye nemishini
1.1 Inqubo yokugaya i-powder yokukhipha umoya nge-vacuum
Indlela yokugaya i-atomization yomoya we-vacuum iwuhlobo olusha lwenqubo oluthuthukiswe embonini yokukhiqiza i-powder yensimbi eminyakeni yamuva nje. Inezinzuzo zokungashisi kalula kwezinto, ukucima ngokushesha i-powder yensimbi, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela. Inqubo ethile ukuthi ngemva kokuba i-alloy (insimbi) incibilikisiwe futhi ihlungiwe esithandweni sokungenisa, uketshezi lwensimbi oluncibilikisiwe luthululelwa ekuweni kokushisa, bese lungena epayipini lomhlahlandlela kanye ne-nozzle, bese ukugeleza kokuncibilika kuncibilikiswa ukugeleza kwegesi okunomfutho ophezulu. I-powder yensimbi e-atomized iyaqina futhi ihlale embhoshongweni we-atomization, bese iwela ethangini lokuqoqa i-powder.
Imishini yokwenza i-atomizing, i-atomizing ultrasonic kanye nokugeleza koketshezi lwensimbi yizici ezintathu eziyisisekelo zenqubo yokwenza i-atomizing yegesi. Emishini yokwenza i-atomizing, i-atomizing ultrasonic ejojiwe iyasheshisa futhi ixhumane nokugeleza koketshezi lwensimbi ejojiwe ukuze kwakheke insimu yokugeleza. Kule nsimu yokugeleza, ukugeleza kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kuyaphuka, kuphole futhi kuqiniswe, ngaleyo ndlela kutholakale impuphu enezici ezithile. Amapharamitha emishini yokwenza i-atomizing afaka isakhiwo se-nozzle, isakhiwo se-catheter, isikhundla se-catheter, njll., igesi yokwenza i-atomizing kanye namapharamitha ayo enqubo afaka izakhiwo ze-ultrasonic, ingcindezi yokungena komoya, ijubane lomoya, njll., kanye nokugeleza koketshezi lwensimbi kanye namapharamitha ayo enqubo afaka izakhiwo zokugeleza koketshezi lwensimbi, ukushisa okukhulu, ububanzi bokugeleza koketshezi, njll. I-atomizing ye-Ultrasonic ifinyelela inhloso yokulungisa usayizi wezinhlayiya zempuphu, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nesakhiwo esincane ngokulungisa amapharamitha ahlukahlukene kanye nokuxhumana kwawo.
1.2 Imishini yokugaya umoya we-vacuum atomization
Imishini yokugaya i-vacuum atomization yamanje ihlanganisa kakhulu imishini yangaphandle kanye nemishini yasekhaya. Imishini ekhiqizwa kwamanye amazwe inokuqina okuphezulu kanye nokunemba okuphezulu kokulawula, kodwa izindleko zemishini ziphezulu, kanti izindleko zokulungisa nokulungisa ziphezulu. Izindleko zemishini yasekhaya ziphansi, izindleko zokulungisa ziphansi, futhi ukulungiswa kulula. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi bemishini yasekhaya ngokuvamile abawazi kahle ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bemishini efana nama-nozzles e-atomization kanye nezinqubo ze-atomization. Njengamanje, izikhungo zocwaningo zakwamanye amazwe ezifanele kanye namabhizinisi okukhiqiza agcina ubuchwepheshe buyimfihlo ngokuphelele, futhi imingcele yenqubo ethile neyezimboni ayikwazi ukutholakala ezincwadini ezifanele kanye namalungelo obunikazi. Lokhu kwenza isivuno sempuphu esezingeni eliphezulu sibe siphansi kakhulu ukuba singabizi, okuyisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani izwe lami lingazange likwazi ukukhiqiza impuphu esezingeni eliphezulu ezimbonini yize kunezinhlobo eziningi zokukhiqiza impuphu ye-aerosol kanye namayunithi ocwaningo lwesayensi.
Isakhiwo sedivayisi yokugaya i-atomization ye-ultrasonic siqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo: isithando sokuncibilikisa esiphakathi nendawo, isithando somlilo esibambayo, uhlelo lwe-atomization, ithangi le-atomization, uhlelo lokuqoqa uthuli, uhlelo lokuhlinzeka nge-ultrasonic, uhlelo lokupholisa amanzi, uhlelo lokulawula, njll.
Njengamanje, ucwaningo oluhlukahlukene mayelana nokufakwa kwe-aerosoli lugxile kakhulu ezicini ezimbili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufundwa amapharamitha esakhiwo se-nozzle kanye nezici zokugeleza kwejethi. Inhloso ukuthola ubudlelwano phakathi kwensimu yokuhamba komoya kanye nesakhiwo se-nozzle, ukuze i-ultrasonic ifinyelele isivinini endaweni yokukhipha i-nozzle kuyilapho izinga lokugeleza kwe-ultrasonic lincane, futhi linikeze isisekelo semfundiso yokuklama nokucubungula i-nozzle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwafundwa ubudlelwano phakathi kwamapharamitha enqubo yokwenza i-atomization kanye nezakhiwo ze-powder. Ihlose ukutadisha umthelela wamapharamitha enqubo yokwenza i-atomization ezimpahleni ze-powder kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-atomization ngesisekelo esithile se-nozzle ukuze kulungiselelwe futhi kuqondiswe ukukhiqizwa kwe-powder. Ngamafuphi, ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo we-powder ecolekile kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwegesi kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic atomization.
1.2.1 Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-nozzles okwenziwa nge-ultrasonic atomization
Igesi elisebenzisa i-atomizing landisa isivinini namandla ngokusebenzisa i-nozzle, ngaleyo ndlela liphula ngempumelelo insimbi ewuketshezi futhi lilungiselele impushana ehlangabezana nezidingo. I-nozzle ilawula ukugeleza nokugeleza kwe-medium ene-atomized, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ezingeni lokusebenza kahle kwe-atomization kanye nokuzinza kwenqubo ye-atomization, futhi ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko be-ultrasonic atomization. Enkambisweni yokuqala ye-atomization yegesi, isakhiwo se-nozzle esiwela phansi sasivame ukusetshenziswa. Le nozzle ilula ngokuklama, akulula ukuyivimba, futhi inqubo yokulawula ilula kakhulu, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kahle kwe-atomization akuphezulu, futhi ifaneleka kuphela ekukhiqizweni kwempushana enosayizi wezinhlayiya ongu-50-300 μm. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-atomization, ama-nozzle avinjelwe noma ama-nozzle ahlanganisiwe kahle athuthukiswa kamuva. I-nozzle eqinile noma evimbelayo ifinyeza ibanga lokundiza kwegesi futhi inciphise ukulahleka kwamandla e-kinetic enkambisweni yokugeleza kwegesi, ngaleyo ndlela yandisa ijubane kanye nobuningi bokugeleza kwegesi okuhlangana nensimbi, futhi yandisa isivuno sempushana ecolekile.
1.2.1.1 I-Nozzle Yesikhala Esijikelezayo
I-ultrasonic ecindezelwe kakhulu ingena ku-nozzle ngendlela eqondile. Bese ikhishwa ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze yakhe i-vortex
Ukuze Kuthuthukiswe Ukuphrinta Kwe-3D, IShayina Kudingeka Yakhe Uchungechunge Lwayo Lokusungula Izinto Ezintsha kanye Nochungechunge Lwezimboni
Eminyakeni emibili edlule, intuthuko yemboni yokukhiqiza eyengeziwe ikhuphukele ezingeni lecebo likazwelonke. Imibhalo efana nethi "Made in China 2025" kanye nethi "National Additive Manufacturing Industry Development Action Plan (2015-2016)" ikhishwe. Imboni yokukhiqiza eyengeziwe ithuthuke ngokushesha. Ukuqina kwamabhizinisi asekelwe kubuchwepheshe kuyachuma. Naphezu kwalokhu, ngoba imboni yokukhiqiza isesigabeni sokuqala sentuthuko, isabonisa izici zesilinganiso esiphansi. Ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi imishini engeniswayo manje "ihlasela" ngobudlova imakethe yaseShayina. Uma sithatha imishini yokunyathelisa insimbi njengesibonelo, amazwe angaphandle asebenzisa ukuthengiswa okuhlanganisiwe kwezinto zokwakha, isofthiwe, imishini kanye nezinqubo. Izwe lami kumele lisheshise ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqala, futhi lidale uchungechunge lwalo lokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nochungechunge lwezimboni.
Ithemba lemakethe lihle
Ngokusho kombiko weMcKinsey, ukukhiqizwa kwezengezo kubekwe endaweni yesishiyagalolunye phakathi kobuchwepheshe obungu-12 obunomthelela ophazamisayo empilweni yabantu, ngaphambi kwezinto ezintsha kanye negesi ye-shale, futhi kubikezelwa ukuthi ngo-2030 ukukhiqizwa kwezengezo kuzofinyelela usayizi wemakethe ocishe ube yi-1 trillion yamaRandi. Ngo-2015, umbiko waqhubekisela phambili le nqubo, uphikisana ngokuthi ngo-2020, okungukuthi, eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, usayizi wemakethe yokukhiqizwa kwezengezo yomhlaba wonke ungafinyelela inzuzo yamaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingama-550. Umbiko weMcKinsey awumangalisi.
ULu Bingheng, isazi sezemfundo se-Chinese Academy of Engineering kanye nomqondisi we-National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Center, usebenzise "izikhathi ezine nesigamu" ukufingqa amathuba emakethe esikhathi esizayo okukhiqiza okungeziwe.
Ngaphezu kwengxenye yenani lomkhiqizo esikhathini esizayo liklanywe;
Ngaphezu kwengxenye yokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo kwenziwa ngokwezifiso;
Amamodeli okukhiqiza angaphezu kwengxenye atholakala kubantu abaningi;
Izinto ezintsha ezingaphezu kwengxenye zenziwa abenzi.
Ukukhiqiza okungeziwe kuwubuchwepheshe obuphazamisayo obuholela ekuthuthukisweni komkhakha wokukhiqiza. Kuwubuchwepheshe obufanele ukusekela ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukukhiqizwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwabenzi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-crowdsourcing. "Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa okungeziwe kuwubuchwepheshe obungavamile obuhambisana nomhlaba ezweni lami. Njengamanje, ucwaningo lwaseShayina ngokunyathelisa kwe-3D luhamba phambili emhlabeni."
ULu Bingheng uthe njengamanje, ngokuthembela emishinini emikhulu yokunyathelisa insimbi ye-3D kanye nemishini yokugaya eyakhiwe yizwe lami uqobo, iChina isesimweni samazwe ngamazwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezingxenye ezinkulu zezindiza ezithwala imithwalo, futhi isebenza njengethimba losizo lokuqala ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezindiza zempi kanye nezindiza ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye ezinkulu zesakhiwo se-titanium alloy zisetshenziswe ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemishini yokufika yezindiza kanye ne-C919.
Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa, amandla okufakwa kwemishini yezinga lezimboni ezweni lami asezingeni lesine emhlabeni, kodwa imishini yokunyathelisa insimbi ethengiswayo isebuthakathaka, futhi incike kakhulu ekungenisweni kwempahla. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwe-Academician Lu Bingheng, umgomo ophelele wokukhiqiza okwengeziwe eShayina ukufeza amandla okufakwa kwesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini yesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni zingakapheli iminyaka emi-5; kanye namandla okufakwa kwesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, amadivayisi ayinhloko kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqala, kanye nokuthengiswa kwemishini zingakapheli iminyaka eyi-10. Ukufinyelela "Kwenziwe eShayina ngo-2025" ngo-2035.
Intuthuko yezimboni iyashesha
Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi isilinganiso sokukhula kosayizi wemakethe yokukhiqiza okungeziwe eminyakeni emithathu edlule. Izinga lokuthuthuka kwale mboni eShayina liphakeme kunesilinganiso somhlaba wonke.
Izimpawu: ngokuvamile zibhekisela kulokho okwenziwayo ukulawula izinhlelo ezithile ezijwayelekile ngaphakathi kwekhampasi
Izimpawu, njenge: izimpawu zezimbali notshani, izimpawu zokukhuphuka, njll. Ziyancipha, kodwa emkhakheni wenkonzo, izinga lokukhula lishesha kakhulu ngenxa yokuthuthuka kokuqashelwa kwamakhasimende. "Ikakhulukazi ekucutshungulweni nasekukhiqizweni komkhiqizo, inani lethu lama-oda liphindwe kabili." Isikhungo Sokulima Imboni Yokuphrinta Ye-3D saseWeinan eSifundazweni saseShaanxi, ngokusekelwa uhulumeni wendawo, siguqule izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta kwe-3D zaba izinzuzo zezimboni futhi sakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa nokuguqulwa kwezimboni zendabuko. Icala elijwayelekile lokuqaphela intuthuko yamaqoqo.
Ukugxila emcabangweni wokukhulisa izimboni we-"3D printing +", akukhona nje ukuthuthukisa imboni yokunyathelisa ye-3D, kodwa ukugxila ekukhiqizweni kwemishini yokunyathelisa ye-3D, ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zensimbi zokunyathelisa ze-3D, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono agxile ekusetshenzisweni kokunyathelisa kwe-3D. Kugxile ezimbonini eziholayo zasendaweni, kugxile ekusetshenzisweni kwezicelo zokubonisa ukunyathelisa kwe-3D, kusheshiswe ukuhlanganiswa kokunyathelisa kwe-3D nezimboni zendabuko, kanye nokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwamamodeli okunyathelisa kwe-3D + izimboni ezifana nokunyathelisa kwe-3D + izindiza, izimoto, amasiko nokudala, ukusakaza, imfundo, njll., ngosizo lokunyathelisa kwe-3D Izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe bokunyathelisa, ukuxazulula ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe kanye nezindawo ezibuhlungu zezimboni zendabuko, ukuguqula nokuthuthukisa izimboni zendabuko, kanye nokwethula nokukhulisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhizinisi obuchwepheshe amancane naphakathi.
Ngokwezibalo, kusukela ngoMeyi 2017, inani lamabhizinisi selifinyelele ku-61, kanti amaphrojekthi angaphezu kuka-50 njengezinhlobo ze-3D molds, i-3D, imishini yezimboni ye-3D, izinto ze-3D, kanye namaphrojekthi amasiko nobuciko e-3D asegciniwe, okulindeleke ukuthi aqaliswe. Kulindeleke ukuthi ekupheleni konyaka, inani lamabhizinisi lizodlula i-100.
Ukuvuselela uchungechunge lokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nochungechunge lwezimboni
Naphezu kokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yokukhiqiza eyengeziwe yezwe lami, imboni isesezigabeni zokuqala zentuthuko futhi isenezici zesilinganiso esiphansi. Kodwa-ke, ukuntuleka kokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe, izindleko eziphezulu zokusetshenziswa, kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa obuncane kubangele ukuthi imboni iyonke ibe sesimweni "esincane, esihlakazekile nesibuthakathaka". Nakuba izinkampani eziningi seziqalile ukungena emkhakheni wokukhiqiza okwengeziwe, kukhona ukuntuleka kwezinkampani ezihamba phambili. Iqhutshwa, isilinganiso semboni sincane. Isazi sezemfundo uLu Bingheng sithe ngobuqotho ukuthi njengenye yezobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile zenguquko yezimboni yesikhathi esizayo, ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza okwengeziwe kudinga ukusheshiswa, ngoba ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D busesikhathini sokuqhuma kobuchwepheshe, isikhathi sokuqala kwemboni, kanye nesikhathi "sokumisa" kwamabhizinisi. Isidingo esikhulu semakethe singaqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nensimu yemishini, okumele ivikelwe futhi isetshenziswe ngokugcwele ukuqondisa nokusekela ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yethu.
Manje imishini engenisiwe "ihlasela" ngobudlova imakethe yaseShayina. Ngemishini yokunyathelisa insimbi, amazwe angaphandle asebenzisa ukuthengiswa kwezinto, isofthiwe, imishini, kanye nezinqubo ezihlanganisiwe. Izinkampani zaseShayina kumele zithuthukise ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqala ukuze zenze izinto zazo ezintsha kanye nezintambo zezimboni.
Abangaphakathi embonini bathi embonini yokunyathelisa ye-3D yasekhaya yamanje, izinga locwaningo nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe lisetshenziswe ngokuphelele embonini, futhi impumelelo eminingi yobuchwepheshe isesigabeni selabhorethri kuphela. Izizathu eziyinhloko zale nkinga yilezi: okokuqala, ngenxa yezindinganiso ezahlukene, ukufinyelela Iziqu aziphelele, futhi kunezithiyo ezingabonakali zokungena; okwesibili, izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi namabhizinisi azinazo imiphumela yokulinganisa, zisesimweni sokulwa zodwa, azinalo ilungelo lokukhuluma ezingxoxweni zezimboni, futhi zisesimweni esibi; Imboni entsha ayiqondwa kahle, futhi kukhona amaphazili noma ukungaqondani, okuholela ekusheshiseni kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe.
Umkhuba Wokuthuthukiswa Kwemishini Yokugaya I-Atomization Esikhathini Esizayo
Kusenezinkinga eziningi ekuqondeni ubuchwepheshe bokunyathelisa nge-3D kuzo zonke izici zomkhakha wokukhiqiza waseShayina. Uma sibheka isimo sangempela sentuthuko, kuze kube manje ukunyathelisa nge-3D ayikafinyeleli ekukhuleni kwezimboni, kusukela emishinini kuya emikhiqizweni kuya ezinsizeni ezisesesigabeni "sethoyizi elithuthukisiwe". Kodwa-ke, kusukela kuhulumeni kuya emabhizinisini aseShayina, amathuba okuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokunyathelisa nge-3D ayaziwa ngokuvamile, futhi uhulumeni nomphakathi ngokuvamile banaka umthelela we-atomization yensimbi yokunyathelisa nge-3D yesikhathi esizayo ekukhiqizeni, emnothweni, kanye namamodeli okukhiqiza akhona ezweni lami.
Ngokusho kwedatha yocwaningo, njengamanje, isidingo sezwe lami sobuchwepheshe bokunyathelisa nge-3D asigxilile emishinini, kodwa sibonakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokunyathelisa nge-3D kanye nesidingo sezinsizakalo zokucubungula izinhlangano. Amakhasimende ezimboni yiwona anamandla amakhulu ekuthengeni imishini yokunyathelisa nge-3D ezweni lakithi. Imishini abayithengayo isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindizeni, ezindizayo, emikhiqizweni kagesi, ezokuthutha, ekwakhiweni, ekudaleni amasiko nakwezinye izimboni. Njengamanje, amandla afakiwe amaphrinta e-3D emabhizinisini aseShayina angaba ngu-500, kanti izinga lokukhula lonyaka lingaba ngu-60%. Noma kunjalo, usayizi wemakethe wamanje ungama-yuan ayizigidi eziyi-100 kuphela ngonyaka. Isidingo esingaba khona se-R&D kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zokunyathelisa ze-3D sifinyelele cishe kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyi-1 ngonyaka. Ngokuthandwa kanye nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bemishini, isikali sizokhula ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinsizakalo zokucubungula eziphathisiwe ezihlobene nokunyathelisa nge-3D zithandwa kakhulu, futhi ama-ejenti amaningi okunyathelisa nge-3D Inkampani yemishini ivuthiwe kakhulu enqubweni yokusika i-laser kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini, futhi ingahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokucubungula zangaphandle. Njengoba intengo yemishini eyodwa ngokuvamile ingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 zama-yuan, ukwamukelwa kwemakethe akuphezulu, kodwa insizakalo yokucubungula i-ejensi ithandwa kakhulu.
Iningi lezinto ezisetshenziswa emishinini yokugaya insimbi yokunyathelisa ye-3D ezweni lami ihlinzekwa ngqo ngabakhiqizi be-prototyping esheshayo, futhi ukunikezwa kwezinto ezijwayelekile ezivela eceleni akukaqaliswa, okuholela ezindleleni eziphezulu kakhulu zezinto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akukho cwaningo mayelana nokulungiswa kwempuphu olunikezelwe ekunyatheliseni kwe-3D eShayina, futhi kunezidingo eziqinile zokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo. Amanye amayunithi asebenzisa i-spray powder evamile esikhundleni salokho, enezinto eziningi ezingasebenzi.
Ukuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezisebenziseka kalula kuyisihluthulelo sentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Ukuxazulula izinkinga zokusebenza kanye nezindleko zezinto kuzokhuthaza kangcono ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta okusheshayo eShayina. Njengamanje, izinto eziningi ezisetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta okusheshayo be-3D ezweni lami zidinga ukungeniswa zivela kwamanye amazwe, noma abakhiqizi bemishini batshale amandla amaningi kanye nezimali ukuze bazithuthukise, okubiza kakhulu, okuholela ekwandeni kwezindleko zokukhiqiza, kuyilapho izinto zasekhaya ezisetshenziswa kulo mshini zinamandla aphansi kanye nokunemba. . Ukufakwa kwendawo kwezinto zokuphrinta ze-3D kubalulekile.
Kudingeka izimpushana ze-alloy ze-titanium ne-titanium noma izimpushana ze-superalloy ezisekelwe ku-nickel kanye ne-cobalt ezinokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-oxygen, usayizi wezinhlayiya ezincane kanye ne-sphericity ephezulu. Usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-powder ngokuyinhloko u--500 mesh, okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.1%, kanti usayizi wezinhlayiya uyafana Njengamanje, i-alloy powder ephezulu kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza isathembele kakhulu ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe. Emazweni angaphandle, izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemishini zivame ukuhlanganiswa futhi zithengiswe ukuze kutholakale inzuzo eningi. Uma sithatha i-nickel-based powder njengesibonelo, izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zingama-yuan angu-200/kg, intengo yemikhiqizo yasekhaya ngokuvamile ingu-300-400 yuan/kg, kanti intengo ye-powder engenisiwe ivame ukuba ngaphezu kwama-yuan angu-800/kg.
Isibonelo, ithonya kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kokwakheka kwempuphu, ukufakwa kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba kubuchwepheshe obuhlobene bemishini yokugaya i-powder yensimbi yokunyathelisa i-3D. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yezidingo zokusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-oxygen kanye nempuphu encane yosayizi wezinhlayiya, kusadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi wocwaningo njengokwakheka kokwakheka kwempuphu ye-titanium ne-titanium alloy, ubuchwepheshe bokugaya impuphu ye-atomization yegesi yempuphu encane yosayizi wezinhlayiya, kanye nethonya lezimpawu zempuphu ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo. Ngenxa yomkhawulo wobuchwepheshe bokugaya eShayina, kunzima ukulungiselela impuphu encane okwamanje, isivuno sempuphu siphansi, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen nokunye ukungcola kuphezulu. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokusebenzisa, isimo sokuncibilika kwempuphu sithambekele ekungalinganini, okuholela kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kokufakwa kwe-oxide kanye nemikhiqizo exinene emkhiqizweni. Izinkinga eziyinhloko zama-powder e-alloy asekhaya zisezingeni lomkhiqizo kanye nokuqina kweqembu, okuhlanganisa: ① ukuzinza kwezingxenye zempuphu (inani lokufakwa, ukufana kwezingxenye); ② Ukuzinza kokusebenza kwempuphu ngokomzimba (ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya, isimo sempuphu, ukugeleza, isilinganiso esikhululekile, njll.); ③ inkinga yokukhiqiza (isivuno esincane sempuphu engxenyeni encane yosayizi wezinhlayiya), njll.
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